{"title":"HSN","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"product_7c5fc3f1-16f4-4857-a838-56e45e048ae3","title":"HSN - NADH 5MG | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNADH 5 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries line is a dietary supplement in delayed-release vegetable capsules, based on beta-NADH disodium salt (the stabilized form most used in scientific studies of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), supplemented with Vitamin C and Vitamin E for their complementary antioxidant support properties. Each capsule provides 5 mg of NADH, with a recommended daily dose of 2 capsules (10 mg\/day total), aligned with the doses used in reference clinical studies. NADH is one of the most sensitive molecules to heat, light, and the acidic gastric environment, which is why HSN's formulation uses vegetable capsules with delayed-release technology that prevent dissolution in the stomach and ensure the release of the content in the small intestine, where conditions are much more favorable for NADH stability and absorption. Vegan, gluten-free, allergen-free, and GMO-free. Positioned as the introductory version for NADH supplementation within the HSN range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNADH: the central coenzyme for cellular energy production in all living cells:\u003c\/strong\u003e NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in reduced form) is a coenzyme present in all body cells, where it plays the role of an electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. During aerobic metabolism, nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids) are oxidized through various metabolic pathways (glycolysis, beta-oxidation, Krebs cycle) that produce NADH as the main reducing product. NADH transfers high-energy electrons to Complex I of the respiratory chain, triggering a cascade of reactions that results in the synthesis of ATP, the universal energy molecule for all cells. Without sufficient NADH, ATP production is compromised, leading to cellular fatigue, reduced physical and cognitive performance, and energy metabolism disturbances. NADH is involved in over 1000 metabolic reactions in the human body, making it one of the most versatile and biologically relevant metabolic intermediates available for supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeta-NADH disodium salt: the stabilized form with the greatest scientific basis:\u003c\/strong\u003e The form of NADH used by HSN is beta-NADH disodium salt, the stabilized form of reduced NADH that is most used in scientific literature and published clinical studies on NADH. This disodium salt form has lower vulnerability to oxidation and greater chemical stability compared to free NADH, making it the preferred choice for oral supplementation by ensuring greater ingredient integrity from manufacturing to intestinal absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDelayed-release intestinal capsules for optimized protection and absorption:\u003c\/strong\u003e NADH is extremely sensitive to the acidic environment of the stomach (pH 1 to 3) where it degrades rapidly, losing its biological activity before reaching the small intestine where it would be absorbed. HSN's delayed-release capsules (produced with HPMC and gellan gum) are resistant to the acidic gastric environment and only dissolve in the small intestine (pH 6 to 7), releasing NADH in a much more stable environment and ensuring that the ingredient reaches the absorption site under conditions that preserve its integrity and biological activity. This formulation is considered essential for the effectiveness of any oral NADH supplement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for cellular energy, fatigue reduction, and physical and cognitive performance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clinical studies with oral NADH document benefits in energy metabolism, fatigue reduction, and performance in contexts of high physical and mental demand. An observational study with elite cyclists who consumed 10 mg of NADH\/day for 1 month documented improved oxygen uptake and reduced blood lactate, with a decrease in reaction time. Studies in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome document improved symptoms in 31% of participants with 10 mg\/day for 4 weeks. The evidence base for NADH is growing, being especially relevant in contexts of high metabolic demand, aging, or chronic fatigue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin C and Vitamin E for complementary antioxidant support:\u003c\/strong\u003e The HSN NADH 5 mg formula is enriched with Vitamin C (calcium ascorbate) and natural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol succinate) as complementary antioxidants. Vitamin C, as recognized by EFSA, demonstrably contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress, normal energy metabolism, and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Vitamin E also contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Both vitamins complement NADH's activity in maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage associated with intense energy metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 mg version: ideal for initiation and flexible dose protocols:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's NADH 5 mg is the entry-level version of the brand's NADH range, specifically designed for those who want to start NADH supplementation with a more moderate and controllable dose. With 2 capsules\/day, the clinically documented dose of 10 mg\/day is obtained, but the versatility of being able to take 1 isolated capsule (5 mg) allows for individual dose adjustment or starting with lower doses to assess tolerance and personal response. HSN also offers 20 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg versions (PANMOL® microencapsulated) for users who want higher doses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClean formula: vegan, gluten-free, allergen-free, GMO-free:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN NADH 5 mg is formulated with a commitment to a clean label, free from declared food allergens, suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets, gluten-free, and free from genetically modified organisms, making it compatible with a wide range of dietary preferences and restrictions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 capsules per day, preferably on an empty stomach (30 minutes before breakfast) to maximize intestinal absorption and minimize competition with other nutrients. For initiation, you can start with 1 capsule per day and progress to 2 capsules after 1 to 2 weeks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations recommended by HSN:\u003c\/strong\u003e NADH combines well with Rhodiola rosea (adaptogen for fatigue reduction), Ashwagandha Shoden® (for stress management), Ginkgo Biloba (for cognitive function and cerebral circulation), and Coenzyme Q10 (for complementary mitochondrial support).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in a cool place (below 25°C), dry and dark. NADH is especially sensitive to light and heat. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Keep out of reach of children.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355399515,"sku":null,"price":27.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-NADH_5mg.webp?v=1776029177"},{"product_id":"product_390d666f-179a-4dfe-b4e4-f41b0631e5c9","title":"HSN - GABA | 500mg \u0026 100caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eGABA 500 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries line is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on 500 mg of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) per capsule, enriched with pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) and Vitamin B6 as complementary cofactors for neurotransmitter metabolism. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, present in 30 to 40% of brain neurons, and responsible for the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition that determines the state of calmness, relaxation, and sleep quality. With 1 capsule per day, preferably taken before bedtime, GABA 500 mg HSN supports natural relaxation, stress management, and sleep quality. Vegan, gluten-free, allergen-free, and GMO-free. Health claim awaiting European authorization from EFSA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGABA: the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system:\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is synthesized in the brain from glutamate, in a process catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (which requires Vitamin B6 as a cofactor). It is released by GABAergic neurons and binds to GABA-A and GABA-B receptors in other neurons, producing a hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane that decreases the probability of action potential firing, resulting in an inhibition of nerve transmission. This inhibitory effect is the mechanism responsible for the feeling of calmness, relaxation, and anxiety reduction that GABA provides. Low levels of GABA or its receptor function are associated with sleep disorders, anxiety, chronic stress, and some forms of epilepsy. Oral supplementation with GABA aims to increase the availability of this neurotransmitter in the nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelaxation, stress and anxiety reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA supplementation has been associated in clinical studies with a state of increased relaxation and a reduction in the subjective perception of stress and anxiety. A study published in 2006 (Abdou et al.) documented relaxation effects and immune potentiation with oral administration of GABA in humans, with changes in brain wave patterns (increase in alpha waves, associated with an alert relaxed state) detected by electroencephalogram. The 500 mg dose per capsule from HSN corresponds to the reference dose documented as effective in relaxation studies with oral GABA administration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for sleep quality and falling asleep:\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA plays a fundamental role in sleep regulation, being the inhibitory neurotransmitter primarily responsible for the transition from wakefulness to sleep and for maintaining deep sleep (NREM). Supplementation with GABA before bedtime aims to facilitate this neurological transition, reducing excessive brain activity that is the main cause of difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep. HSN positions GABA 500 mg as part of its sleep support protocol, often combined with Melatonin, Valerian, and Magnesium Bisglycinate for a synergistic effect.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for GH (growth hormone) secretion during sleep:\u003c\/strong\u003e GABA has a documented relationship with human growth hormone (HGH) secretion, especially in the immediate post-workout period and during deep sleep. HGH is secreted in pulses during slow-wave NREM sleep, which is precisely the phase of sleep most dependent on GABAergic activity. Studies document that GABA supplementation can increase plasma GH levels at rest and immediately after exercise, contributing to muscle development, tissue repair, and fat metabolism, making it especially relevant for athletes who aim to optimize recovery during sleep.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePantothenic Acid (B5) for energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and fatigue reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5), as recognized by EFSA, demonstrably contributes to normal energy metabolism, to the normal synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, Vitamin D, and some neurotransmitters, to normal intellectual performance, and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. The inclusion of B5 in the HSN GABA 500 mg formula is particularly relevant because acetylcholine synthesis (another neurotransmitter with a role in cognitive function and sleep) requires acetyl-CoA, a metabolite whose metabolism depends on pantothenic acid as a cofactor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B6 for normal nervous system function and GABA metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), as recognized by EFSA, demonstrably contributes to the normal functioning of the nervous system and to normal energy metabolism. More specifically, Vitamin B6 is the essential cofactor of the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA within neurons. Without sufficient B6, endogenous GABA synthesis is compromised, even with adequate glutamate availability. The inclusion of Vitamin B6 in the formula directly complements the activity of supplemented GABA, simultaneously supporting the endogenous synthesis of the neurotransmitter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegan, gluten-free, allergen-free, GMO-free:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN GABA 500 mg is formulated with a vegetable HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) capsule, without animal gelatin, and with a complete absence of declared food allergens, making it suitable for the widest possible spectrum of diets and dietary restrictions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore bedtime:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime with water. For sleep quality and falling asleep support, this is the most documented and recommended timing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAfter training:\u003c\/strong\u003e For athletes who want to take advantage of GABA's effect on GH secretion, take 1 capsule immediately after intense training, ideally in combination with a fast-absorbing protein source to maximize the anabolic signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHSN complete sleep protocol:\u003c\/strong\u003e Combine GABA 500 mg with Magnesium Bisglycinate (2 capsules), Melatonin and\/or Valerian (1 capsule) before bedtime for comprehensive support for relaxation and sleep quality, as recommended by HSN's \"Combat Insomnia\" pack.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355596123,"sku":null,"price":10.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-GABA_500mg.webp?v=1777499885"},{"product_id":"product_a87c0521-b29b-4e4e-a95a-6606fce1488e","title":"HSN - REDUCED GLUTATHIONE | 250mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eReduced Glutathione 250 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on L-glutathione in its reduced form (GSH), the biologically active form of the human body's \"master antioxidant,\" at 250 mg per capsule. The formula is enriched with Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and Selenium (L-selenomethionine), two micronutrients with complementary antioxidant properties and EFSA-approved health claims. Each capsule provides 250 mg of reduced glutathione, a significantly higher dose than the average Western dietary intake (approximately 35 mg\/day), making it suitable for people who want to substantially increase the availability of glutathione in the body. Dosage: 1 capsule twice a day with meals (500 mg\/day total). Vegan, gluten-free, and GMO-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlutathione: the master antioxidant present in all body cells:\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, synthesized within all body cells, with a particular concentration in the liver (more than 25% of total body glutathione), kidneys, lungs, adrenal glands, brain, and gonads. It is considered the most abundant and most important endogenous antioxidant in the body, serving as the first line of defense against oxidative stress at the intracellular level. Glutathione exists in two forms: reduced (GSH, the active form) and oxidized (GSSG, the inactive form after neutralizing free radicals). Maintaining a high GSH\/GSSG ratio is a direct indicator of cellular antioxidant status and mitochondrial health. Glutathione levels progressively decline with aging, stress, alcohol, smoking, exposure to pesticides and pollutants, and in contexts of illness or intense physical exercise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReduced form (GSH): the only biologically active form for effective supplementation:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's supplement uses L-glutathione in its reduced form (GSH), which is the only biologically active form of the tripeptide capable of neutralizing free radicals, participating in hepatic detoxification reactions, and regenerating other antioxidants. The oxidized form (GSSG) has no direct antioxidant activity and requires enzymatic regeneration to regain activity. The reduced form is also the most unstable, which is why the quality of the production process and storage conditions are crucial for the product's effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBroad-spectrum antioxidant protection and free radical neutralization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduced glutathione directly neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals, protecting DNA, proteins, and phospholipids of cell and mitochondrial membranes against oxidative damage. In addition to direct neutralization, GSH functions as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a family of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, especially protecting cell membranes rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids against lipid peroxidation. This role as an enzymatic cofactor significantly amplifies glutathione's antioxidant capacity beyond its direct radical-scavenging activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration of other antioxidants: Vitamin C and Vitamin E:\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione plays a unique role in the body's integrated antioxidant system: it can regenerate oxidized Vitamin C (dehydroascorbic acid) back to its active reduced form (ascorbic acid), and indirectly regenerate Vitamin E. This role as an \"antioxidant regenerator\" means that glutathione amplifies and prolongs the activity of other antioxidants in the body, making the total antioxidant system much more effective than it would be with each antioxidant acting independently. The inclusion of Vitamin C in HSN's formula creates a bidirectional synergy: Vitamin C stabilizes and protects glutathione, while glutathione regenerates oxidized Vitamin C, enhancing the effectiveness of both.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHepatic detoxification and xenobiotic elimination:\u003c\/strong\u003e The liver is the organ with the highest concentration of glutathione in the body, using it as an essential cofactor for glutathione S-transferases (GST), a family of enzymes responsible for conjugating xenobiotics (toxins, medicines, pesticides, heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, and other foreign compounds) with glutathione, making them water-soluble and facilitating their excretion through the biliary or renal system. This phase II detoxification mechanism is fundamental for the liver's ability to process and eliminate potentially toxic substances and directly depends on the availability of hepatic glutathione.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium (L-selenomethionine): complementary antioxidant with EFSA claim:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Selenium included in the formula in the form of L-selenomethionine (the organic form with the highest bioavailability) is an essential mineral with documented antioxidant properties approved by EFSA: Selenium demonstrably contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. Selenium is also an essential cofactor of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the enzyme that uses glutathione to neutralize peroxides, creating a direct synergy between Selenium and the glutathione in the formula. Additionally, Selenium supports the normal function of the immune system and normal thyroid function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin C: immune support and glutathione stabilization:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) included in the formula has a dual function: it contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system (EFSA-approved health claim) and stabilizes and regenerates reduced glutathione, protecting it from spontaneous oxidation during gastrointestinal transit and after absorption. This combination of glutathione + Vitamin C + Selenium covers three complementary and synergistic antioxidant mechanisms, resulting in a product with a more complete antioxidant profile than any of the ingredients alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune system support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune cells, especially T lymphocytes and macrophages, have a very high intrinsic glutathione content, necessary for their proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Glutathione depletion in immune cells compromises adaptive and innate immune responses. Supplementation with reduced glutathione aims to maintain or restore intracellular GSH levels in immune cells, especially in contexts of high oxidative stress (illness, intense exercise, aging) where glutathione consumption exceeds the capacity for endogenous synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule twice a day with meals. Taking it with food improves gastrointestinal tolerance and enhances absorption. The total dose of 500 mg\/day is the reference dose most frequently used in studies of oral glutathione supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming:\u003c\/strong\u003e To maximize the post-workout antioxidant effect, take 1 capsule immediately after intense physical exercise. For daily liver detoxification support, take at breakfast and dinner with main meals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e For an even more comprehensive antioxidant system, combine with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), which provides L-cysteine as a limiting precursor for endogenous glutathione synthesis, and\/or with Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA), which regenerates oxidized glutathione and activates the Nrf2 transcription factor to stimulate endogenous GSH synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355628891,"sku":null,"price":29.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-REDUCEDGLUTATHIONE_250mg.webp?v=1777500080"},{"product_id":"product_b45fb92f-2086-4cf6-9bd6-8bd1afe74876","title":"HSN - NAC (N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE) | 300mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries NAC (N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine) 300 mg is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC), the acetylated version of the semi-essential amino acid L-cysteine, produced by plant fermentation. NAC is one of the supplements with the greatest versatility of documented clinical applications, being simultaneously the main orally available precursor of glutathione, a mucolytic agent used clinically, a direct antioxidant, a support for liver health and a nootropic with documented effects on cognitive function. HSN's formula is enriched with natural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate), Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and Selenium (L-selenomethionine), three micronutrients with complementary antioxidant properties and EFSA approved health claims. Pack of 120 capsules (4 months of supplementation). 1 capsule per day. Vegan, gluten-free and GMO-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAC as a glutathione precursor: the most effective way to raise endogenous GSH levels:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine is the most effective orally available glutathione precursor in supplementation. L-cysteine is the limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, being the one with the lowest relative availability in the body compared to glutamate and glycine (the other two amino acid components of the tripeptide). By providing L-cysteine in acetylated form (which has much higher oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal stability than free L-cysteine), NAC increases the intracellular availability of cysteine and, consequently, the rate of endogenous glutathione synthesis in all cells of the body. The strategic advantage of NAC over direct supplementation with reduced glutathione (GSH) is that NAC stimulates intracellular GSH synthesis, which is the biologically relevant location, while exogenous glutathione has difficulty being absorbed intact and crossing cell membranes to effectively exert its function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDirect antioxidant due to the reactivity of the free thiol group:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to its role as a glutathione precursor, NAC has direct antioxidant activity thanks to the free thiol group (-SH) in its molecular structure, which can directly neutralise free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This direct antioxidant activity is independent of NAC's role as a GSH precursor and adds an immediate layer of antioxidant protection that complements the more delayed but sustained effect of increased intracellular GSH levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for liver health and detoxification:\u003c\/strong\u003e The liver is the organ with the highest concentration of glutathione in the body, using it as an essential cofactor for phase II detoxification enzymes (glutathione S-transferases) that conjugate and eliminate xenobiotics, toxins, medications and heavy metals. NAC is widely recognised for its role in supporting liver health, being used clinically in the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning, where the depletion of hepatic glutathione is the central mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Daily NAC supplementation maintains hepatic glutathione reserves, supporting the liver's detoxification capacity and protecting hepatocytes against oxidative damage associated with alcohol, chronic medication, exposure to pesticides and pollutants, and chronic metabolic stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMucolytic properties for respiratory health:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAC has one of the most well-documented clinical applications in respiratory health, being used as a mucolytic agent in clinical medicine since the 1960s. The mechanism of action is direct: NAC breaks the disulfide bonds between bronchial mucus glycoproteins, reducing its viscosity and elasticity and facilitating its elimination from the respiratory tract through productive coughing and mucociliary clearance. This mucolytic effect is relevant for both chronic respiratory conditions (chronic bronchitis, COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and acute situations of excessive mucus accumulation associated with viral or bacterial respiratory infections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCognitive support and neuroprotection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione plays a relevant role in central nervous system health, being one of the main cerebral antioxidants and a protector of neuronal cells against oxidative stress. NAC, by increasing GSH levels in the brain, can contribute to neuronal protection and the maintenance of cognitive function, especially in contexts of high cerebral oxidative stress associated with ageing, chronic fatigue or post-intense exercise recovery. Exploratory studies with NAC in neuropsychiatric disorders document effects of mood improvement, anxiety reduction and cognitive function improvement, attributed to the modulation of cerebral redox balance and the modulation of neurotransmitters such as glutamate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate) for antioxidant protection of membranes:\u003c\/strong\u003e The natural Vitamin E included in the formula in its most bioavailable form (D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate) is the main fat-soluble antioxidant of cell membranes, protecting phospholipids from lipid peroxidation. As recognised by EFSA, Vitamin E demonstrably contributes to the protection of cells against oxidative stress. The combination of NAC (which increases intracellular water-soluble GSH) with Vitamin E (which protects lipid membranes) covers the two main antioxidant compartments of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRiboflavin (Vitamin B2) for glutathione metabolism and cellular energy:\u003c\/strong\u003e Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is an essential cofactor of glutathione reductase, the enzyme responsible for regenerating oxidised glutathione (GSSG) back to its active reduced form (GSH). Without sufficient Riboflavin, the capacity for GSH regeneration is compromised, even if precursors are available. The inclusion of Riboflavin in the formula completes the glutathione support cycle: NAC provides the precursor (cysteine) for GSH synthesis, Riboflavin ensures the regeneration of oxidised GSH, and Vitamin E and Selenium protect against oxidative stress that consumes GSH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium (L-selenomethionine) as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selenium is an essential trace mineral and an indispensable cofactor for the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family of enzymes, which uses GSH to neutralise hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides. Without sufficient Selenium, GPx activity is compromised, regardless of GSH availability. L-selenomethionine is the organic form of Selenium with the highest bioavailability and stability, as recognised by EFSA for contributing to the protection of cells against oxidative stress and to the normal functioning of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduction by plant fermentation: vegan and without ingredients of animal origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e The NAC used by HSN is produced by microbial fermentation from plant sources, ensuring that the product is 100% suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets, without any ingredients of animal origin in its composition or production process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule daily with a meal. For higher doses (600 to 1200 mg\/day) as recommended by most studies, take 2 to 4 capsules spread throughout the day with meals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations recommended by HSN:\u003c\/strong\u003e For maximum support for glutathione production, combine with Glycine (the third amino acid component of GSH, often deficient in older adults). For specific liver support, combine with Milk Thistle (silymarin). For cardiovascular antioxidant support, combine with Coenzyme Q10. For immune support, combine with Vitamin C and Zinc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in a cool (below 25°C), dry and dark place. Keep out of reach of children.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355661659,"sku":null,"price":9.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-NAC_300mg.webp?v=1777501415"},{"product_id":"product_cf31ff88-4d9b-43f9-b664-258dd30c79e7","title":"HSN - EVO 2:1:1 (BCAAs 2:1:1 + VITAMINS B6 AND B12) | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEVO 2:1:1 from HSN's SportSeries is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplement in fast-disintegrating tablets, formulated with the 2:1:1 ratio (L-Leucine: L-Isoleucine: L-Valine) most studied by science, obtained exclusively through vegetable fermentation. Each tablet provides 1g of pure BCAAs, without lacquering or coatings that delay disintegration, ensuring immediate release of amino acids for rapid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The formula is enriched with Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) to support hormonal and protein metabolism, and Vitamin B12 in its active methylcobalamin form (the form the body uses directly, without the need for metabolic conversion) to reduce fatigue and tiredness. Vegan, gluten-free, no animal-derived ingredients. Available in packs of 30, 120, and 240 tablets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs 2:1:1 from vegetable fermentation: the ratio most studied by science:\u003c\/strong\u003e Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are a group of three essential amino acids with a branched aliphatic side chain: L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine. They are \"essential\" because the human body cannot synthesize them and must obtain them through diet or supplementation. The 2:1:1 ratio (2 parts Leucine to 1 part Isoleucine and 1 part Valine) is the ratio that most closely approximates the natural concentration of these amino acids in human muscle protein and is the most widely used in scientific studies on BCAAs, also being the natural proportion in which they are found in major high-quality protein sources (whey, casein, egg). HSN's BCAAs are obtained exclusively by microbial fermentation from plant sources, unlike many brands that still use extraction processes from poultry feathers, human hair, or other animal by-products, making EVO 2:1:1 completely suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine as the main activator of muscle protein synthesis via mTORC1:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Leucine is the amino acid with the greatest and most direct ability to activate the mTORC1 pathway (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1), the main intracellular regulator of muscle protein synthesis. mTORC1 signaling by L-Leucine is the central molecular mechanism by which protein or BCAA consumption stimulates muscle protein synthesis, regardless of other anabolic signals such as insulin or growth factors. The double dose of L-Leucine in the 2:1:1 ratio (compared to L-Isoleucine and L-Valine) reflects the primary role of this amino acid in stimulating protein synthesis and is the reason why the 2:1:1 ratio is the most used in a sports context for this purpose.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Isoleucine for energy metabolism and muscle glucose uptake:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Isoleucine has functional properties distinct from those of L-Leucine: in addition to its role in protein synthesis, L-Isoleucine stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle through an insulin-independent mechanism (involving the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane), contributing to the supply of energy substrate during high-intensity exercise. This property makes L-Isoleucine especially relevant for consumption during prolonged or high-intensity training sessions, where maintaining muscle glucose availability is crucial for performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Valine to support energy metabolism and reduce central fatigue:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Valine competes with tryptophan in crossing the blood-brain barrier through the same branched-chain amino acid transporters. Tryptophan is the precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with the sensation of central fatigue during prolonged exercise. By competing with tryptophan for entry into the brain, BCAA supplementation (including L-Valine) can attenuate the increase in brain serotonin during exercise, contributing to the reduction of the perception of central fatigue and the maintenance of performance in long-duration exercises.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-catabolic support during intense exercise and caloric deficit:\u003c\/strong\u003e During intense exercise and in contexts of caloric deficit (cutting diets, caloric restriction), the body may resort to muscle protein degradation (catabolism) as an energy source, especially through the oxidation of BCAAs by skeletal muscle. BCAA supplementation before or during training provides an exogenous substrate for this oxidation, potentially sparing endogenous muscle protein from degradation, with an anti-catabolic effect particularly relevant during cutting phases or fasted training.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) for protein metabolism and hormonal regulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B6 is an essential cofactor for over 100 enzymes in amino acid metabolism, directly participating in the metabolism of transaminases that allow for amino acid interconversion and utilization. As recognized by the EFSA, Vitamin B6 demonstrably contributes to normal protein and glycogen metabolism, normal cysteine synthesis, and the normal functioning of the nervous system. In the specific context of BCAAs, Vitamin B6 is a cofactor for branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) deamination enzymes that catalyze the first step of BCAA catabolism in peripheral tissues, facilitating their metabolic utilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B12 in its active methylcobalamin form to reduce fatigue and support neurological function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B12 is included in EVO 2:1:1 in the form of methylcobalamin, the active and methylated form of cobalamin that the body uses directly without the need for metabolic conversion, unlike cyanocobalamin (the most common and cheapest form) which requires hepatic conversion before it can perform its functions. Methylcobalamin has higher bioavailability, greater tissue stability, and greater effectiveness in reducing fatigue. As recognized by the EFSA, Vitamin B12 demonstrably contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, the normal functioning of the nervous system, and normal energy metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFast-disintegrating tablets without lacquering for immediate absorption:\u003c\/strong\u003e The uncoated (unlacquered) tablet format and lack of modified-release agents ensure rapid disintegration in the stomach, with immediate release of amino acids for intestinal absorption. This feature is particularly relevant for peri-workout use, where the speed of amino acid availability in circulation is crucial for the supplement's effectiveness. Each tablet provides 1g of BCAAs in a highly concentrated format, the result of a manufacturing process that controls particle size and powder density to maximize the amount of amino acid per tablet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-workout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5 to 10 tablets (5 to 10g of BCAAs) with water 30 minutes before training to increase plasma amino acid availability during the session and reduce exercise-induced muscle catabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntra-workout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5 tablets during long sessions (more than 60 to 90 minutes) to maintain plasma BCAA levels and reduce central fatigue and catabolism during prolonged effort.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-workout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5 to 10 tablets immediately after training in combination with a complete protein source (whey, EAAs) to enhance the muscle protein synthesis stimulus in the post-workout window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFasted:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5 tablets upon waking to mitigate protein catabolism from overnight fasting, especially in morning fasted training protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355727195,"sku":null,"price":13.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/1_582f8434-2c7a-4d64-b4f0-e3a90ad99d96.png?v=1780699324"},{"product_id":"product_5f72f0bf-da30-49c5-aaf2-51a9a88c96e0","title":"HSN - BLACK MACA EXTRACT | 120caps \u0026 500mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Black Maca Extract (20:1) 500 mg is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules formulated exclusively with concentrated black maca root extract (Lepidium meyenii) at a 20:1 concentration ratio, without any additional additives or ingredients. Each 500 mg capsule is equivalent to 10 g of dried black maca root, making it one of the most concentrated forms of black maca available on the market in a single daily dose format. Black maca (black root Lepidium meyenii) is the rarest and most valued variety of Andean maca, with a phytochemical profile denser in phenolic compounds and alkaloids compared to the yellow and purple varieties, and with a tradition of use associated with supporting male physical and sexual performance, fertility, and bone health. Clean label formula: only black maca extract and vegetable capsule, no aesthetic additives, allergen-free, vegan, and non-GMO. 1 capsule per day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBlack maca: the rarest and most valued variety of Andean maca:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a cruciferous plant cultivated exclusively in the high altitudes of the Peruvian Andes, between 3800 and 4400 meters above sea level, under some of the most extreme environmental conditions in Andean agriculture. It exists in several varieties distinguishable by root color: yellow (the most common, about 60% of total production), red\/purple, and black (the rarest, representing less than 10% of total production). The black color of the root reflects a higher concentration of glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, macaene alkaloids, and benzylglucosinolates compared to the other varieties, which is associated with a more potent phytochemical profile and more marked functional properties in certain areas, namely supporting physical performance, male fertility, and bone health. Comparative studies of maca varieties conducted by Peruvian researcher Gonzales and colleagues document that black maca has more pronounced effects on sperm count and motility and on spatial memory compared to the yellow and red varieties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20:1 concentration ratio for maximum potency in a minimal dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e The black maca extract used by HSN has a concentration ratio of 20:1, meaning that 20 g of dried black maca root were needed to produce each gram of extract. With 500 mg of extract per capsule, each capsule is equivalent to the phytochemical content of 10 g of dried black maca root, far exceeding the doses of powdered root conventionally used in clinical studies (3 to 5 g\/day of powdered root). This high concentration ratio allows obtaining the equivalent of the reference dose from scientific literature in a single daily capsule, without the need to ingest large amounts of powder with the characteristic and intense taste and aroma of raw maca.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for physical performance, energy, and vitality:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black maca is recognized in Andean tradition for its role in supporting energy, physical endurance, and vitality, having been historically consumed by Inca warriors and workers in highly demanding physical conditions. Contemporary studies in animal models and humans document that black maca supplementation can reduce the perception of fatigue, improve performance in endurance exercises, and increase perceived energy without the adrenergic stimulant effects of caffeine and other conventional stimulants. This adaptogenic effect of black maca on energy and vitality is attributed to its profile of glucosinolates, macaenes, and macamides, compounds exclusive to maca with documented biological activity in the central nervous system and energy metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for male fertility and sperm quality:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black maca has the most robust evidence base among maca varieties for supporting male fertility. Clinical studies with Lepidium meyenii in adult men document improvements in sperm count, concentration, and motility after 4 months of supplementation, without changes in serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH, or FSH, suggesting that the mechanism of action is independent of the conventional hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Black maca specifically showed more pronounced results in sperm count and motility compared to yellow and red maca in variety comparison studies. This effect is attributed to compounds exclusive to black maca that act directly on the testes and epididymis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for sexual desire and sexual function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black maca has a tradition of use as a sexual adaptogen and aphrodisiac in both genders, and its reputation is supported by clinical studies documenting improved sexual desire (libido) after supplementation with Lepidium meyenii in adult men, unrelated to changes in serum testosterone levels (Gonzales et al., 2002), and in postmenopausal women (Brooks et al., 2008). The mechanism by which maca improves sexual desire appears to be independent of conventional sex hormones, possibly involving the modulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin through the phenolic compounds and alkaloids of the root.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for bone health, especially in postmenopause:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studies in animal models and some preliminary human studies document that black maca (specifically this variety) has effects supporting bone mineral density and bone strength, especially in contexts of estrogen depletion such as postmenopause. The proposed mechanism involves the inhibition of bone resorption by osteoclasts, possibly mediated by the glucosinolates and isothiocyanates of black maca with moderate phytoestrogenic activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClean label formula with a single ingredient:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's Black Maca Extract 500 mg is formulated with a complete commitment to a clean label: only black maca extract and HPMC vegetable capsule, without aesthetic additives, unnecessary anti-caking agents, flavors, colorings, or any ingredient that does not contribute to the functional activity of the product. This purity of formulation ensures that the user receives exclusively concentrated black maca extract, without dilution by excipients or unnecessary ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule per day, with or without food, preferably at the same time each day for dosing consistency. The daily dose of 500 mg of 20:1 extract (equivalent to 10 g of dried root) can be taken in the morning for daytime energy support or before physical activity for performance support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsage cycles:\u003c\/strong\u003e Black maca can be used continuously without the need for cycles with breaks, unlike some adrenergic stimulants. The effects are cumulative and typically more pronounced after 4 to 12 weeks of regular use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in a cool (below 25°C), dry, and dark place. Keep out of reach of children.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355825499,"sku":null,"price":15.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-BLACKMACAEXTRACT.webp?v=1777499812"},{"product_id":"product_497df68d-7f9c-4a44-9261-949d3757df38","title":"HSN - MALTODEXTRIN POWDER | 1kg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's RawSeries Maltodextrin Powder is a single-ingredient powdered food based on 100% non-GMO corn maltodextrin, produced by controlled hydrolysis of corn starch. It contains no additives, no flavorings, no sweeteners, no fat, and no other ingredients besides pure maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is a highly polymerized glucose polymer (more than 4 dextrose monomers in the chain) with a medium dextrose equivalent (DE), which gives it a neutral to slightly sweet taste, high water solubility, and a faster digestion and absorption rate than conventional starch but more gradual than pure dextrose. With less than 7% simple sugars in its composition and a high concentration of fast-absorbing complex carbohydrates, it is one of the reference energy sources in sports nutrition for peri-workout use. Vegan, gluten-free, and non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHighly Polymerized Maltodextrin: Fast-Absorbing Carbohydrate for Glycogen Replenishment:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maltodextrin is produced by partial hydrolysis of corn starch, resulting in a glucose polymer of intermediate length (typically 3 to 20 glucose units, with a dextrose equivalent between 10 and 20). This intermediate chain length gives maltodextrin a faster absorption profile than native starch (which requires more extensive enzymatic digestion) but more gradual than pure glucose or dextrose (monomer). The result is a carbohydrate source with a high glycemic index (similar to glucose for low DE forms) that rapidly raises blood glucose levels, provides substrate for ATP resynthesis during exercise, and for glycogen replenishment post-workout, but without the abrupt glycemic peak of isolated dextrose. As recognized by EFSA, carbohydrates have been proven to contribute to the recovery of normal muscle function after intense or prolonged exercise leading to glycogen depletion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Polymerization for Neutral Taste and Lower Osmolality in Solution:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN specifically selects highly polymerized maltodextrin (more than 4 dextrose monomers) for its RawSeries product, which results in two practical advantages. The taste is neutral to slightly sweet (with less than 7% simple sugars), without the very sweet taste characteristic of low polymerization forms, allowing it to be added to any drink or shake without significantly altering the flavor profile. The osmolality of the maltodextrin solution is lower than that of equivalent glucose or dextrose solutions at the same carbohydrate concentration, given that each maltodextrin molecule represents an osmotic particle regardless of its chain length, resulting in more hypotonic solutions that have faster gastric emptying, a lower risk of gastrointestinal discomfort during exercise, and better palatability in sports drinks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePure Carbohydrate Energy Source: Zero Fat, Zero Protein, Zero Additives:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's RawSeries maltodextrin is virtually free of fat, protein, fiber, and any other macronutrient besides carbohydrates, making it a carbohydrate energy source with a predictable and controllable composition. This purity is especially valued by athletes who precisely calculate the macronutrient composition of their peri-workout drinks and aim to add carbohydrates without introducing uncontrolled nutritional variables. The absence of additives, flavors, and sweeteners makes it completely organoleptically neutral, compatible with any combination.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaximum Combination and Application Versatility:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's maltodextrin powder is compatible with virtually any nutritional combination: it can be added to protein shakes to increase carbohydrate intake without altering the taste; mixed with dextrose or fructose to create sports drinks with multiple carbohydrate sources and different intestinal transporters (maximizing the absorption rate beyond the 60 g\/hour possible with a single carbohydrate source); combined with EAAs or BCAAs for complete intra-workout drinks; or used as an ingredient in competition preparation recipes that require precise carbohydrate intake manipulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHighly Available Carbohydrates for Homemade Gainers and Weight Gain Support:\u003c\/strong\u003e For athletes with high caloric needs, weight or muscle gain goals, or difficulty meeting daily carbohydrate needs through solid food, maltodextrin powder is the ingredient of choice for increasing caloric intake in a practical and economical way. Adding 50 to 100 g of maltodextrin to a protein shake adds 190 to 380 kcal of pure carbohydrates without altering the taste or volume of the shake, allowing for the creation of a personalized gainer with the exact desired protein\/carbohydrate ratio, at a much lower cost than pre-formulated commercial gainers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDextrose Equivalent (DE) Suitable for Rapid Absorption Without Excessive Glycemic Peak:\u003c\/strong\u003e The dextrose equivalent (DE) of HSN's maltodextrin positions it in a rapid absorption zone, but not as abrupt as pure dextrose, which is especially relevant for intra-workout use (where energy needs to be quickly available but without the crashes associated with simple sugar sources) and post-workout (where muscle glycogen replenishment should be fast but does not require the peak insulin response of dextrose).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRawSeries: Single Product Philosophy, Maximum Purity, No Additives:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN maltodextrin is part of the RawSeries line, the brand's philosophy of raw format products with a single ingredient, no additives, no flavorings, and no unnecessary excipients. The raw material comes from certified non-GMO corn starch, with strict quality control throughout the entire production chain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-workout (glycogen replenishment):\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 50 g (~2 scoops) with 300 to 400 ml of cold water. Consume immediately after training, ideally combined with a protein source (whey isolate or hydrolysate) to maximize glycogen replenishment and muscle protein synthesis in the post-workout window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntra-workout (energy maintenance):\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 30 to 50 g with 500 ml of water (with or without EAAs) for consumption during training sessions lasting longer than 60 to 90 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePersonalized Gainer:\u003c\/strong\u003e Add 50 to 100 g to a protein powder shake (whey, casein, or plant protein) with milk or plant-based drink to create a hypercaloric post-workout or between-meal drink with the desired protein\/carbohydrate ratio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMixed Sports Drink:\u003c\/strong\u003e Combine 30 to 40 g of maltodextrin with 10 to 20 g of dextrose or fructose and 5 to 10 g of EAAs or BCAAs in 500 ml of water to create a complete intra-workout sports drink with multiple carbohydrate and amino acid sources.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355858267,"sku":null,"price":6.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/1_20485417-5dd3-4b03-a8c1-d073e6535cce.png?v=1780699261"},{"product_id":"product_2949988f-6916-483f-a971-adcd7235ad2b","title":"HSN - EVOCARBS 2.0 | 40g","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvoCarbs 2.0 from HSN's SportSeries line is an instant reconstitution isotonic powder drink, developed as the most versatile and complete carbohydrate and electrolyte sports drink in the HSN range. The formula combines a triple matrix of carbohydrates from complementary sources (maltodextrin, dextrose, and fructose, which use different intestinal transporters) with the main electrolytes lost through sweating (sodium via sodium chloride and sodium citrate, and magnesium via magnesium malate or citrate), in a solution with a certified osmolality between 200 and 330 mOsm\/kg (the osmolality range that defines a true isotonic drink according to European regulations). Allergen-free, stimulant-free, fat-free. Each 40g serving (~2 scoops) in 400ml of water provides over 30% of the carbohydrates needed per hour of high-intensity exercise. Available in Lemon, Natural, and other flavors, in 500g, 1kg, 3kg, and 40g single-dose formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTriple carbohydrate matrix (maltodextrin + dextrose + fructose) for maximum absorption and sustained energy:\u003c\/strong\u003e The main innovation of EvoCarbs 2.0 compared to conventional sports drinks based on a single carbohydrate source is the combination of three complementary sources: maltodextrin (a glucose polymer with moderately fast absorption), dextrose (free glucose with immediate absorption), and fructose (a monosaccharide absorbed by the specific GLUT5 transporter). The relevance of this combination lies in the intestinal transporters: glucose (dextrose and glucose from maltodextrin) is absorbed by the SGLT1 transporter (sodium-glucose cotransporter), which has a maximum absorption capacity of approximately 60 g\/hour. Fructose is absorbed by the GLUT5 transporter, which works independently and in parallel with SGLT1. The combination of glucose and fructose sources allows for exceeding the 60 g\/hour absorption limit and achieving intestinal carbohydrate absorption rates of 90 to 120 g\/hour during high-intensity or long-duration exercise sessions, with a direct impact on performance maintenance and glycogen replenishment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertified osmolality of 200 to 330 mOsm\/kg: a true isotonic drink, not just declared:\u003c\/strong\u003e The distinction between an isotonic drink and a hypotonic or hypertonic drink is the osmolality of the final prepared solution. Many commercial sports drinks claim to be isotonic based only on solute concentration (less than 8%), but without verification of actual osmolality. HSN conducted studies with specific osmometers to certify that EvoCarbs 2.0, prepared at the recommended concentration, has a real osmolality between 200 and 330 mOsm\/kg, the range defined by European regulations for isotonic sports drinks. This certification ensures that the product meets the requirements to be considered a true isotonic drink with documented benefits: faster gastric emptying than hypertonic drinks, lower risk of gastrointestinal discomfort during exercise, and demonstrated effectiveness in maintaining hydration and performance during endurance exercise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEuropean criteria for isotonic sports drinks met:\u003c\/strong\u003e EvoCarbs 2.0 complies with all technical criteria of European regulations for endurance performance-maintaining drinks: it contains between 80 and 350 kcal\/liter of carbohydrates, with at least 75% of energy derived from high glycemic index carbohydrates; it contains sodium between 460 and 1150 mg\/liter; and it has an osmolality between 200 and 330 mOsm\/kg. This compliance with European criteria allows EvoCarbs 2.0 to make the EFSA-approved health claim: carbohydrates contribute to the maintenance of endurance performance during prolonged exercise and to the recovery of normal muscle function after high-intensity exercise with glycogen depletion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEssential electrolytes for hydration and muscle function:\u003c\/strong\u003e EvoCarbs 2.0 includes the three most critical electrolytes lost through sweating during exercise, each in highly bioavailable forms. Sodium is provided by two complementary sources: sodium chloride (which replenishes both sodium and chloride simultaneously) and sodium citrate (which replenishes sodium and has lactate buffering properties during high-intensity exercise). Magnesium is provided as magnesium malate or citrate, organic forms with superior bioavailability to conventional magnesium oxide. Sodium is the most critical electrolyte for maintaining plasma volume, osmotic pressure, and nerve impulse during exercise, with its depletion being the main mechanism of exercise-induced hyponatremia (the greatest health risk associated with over-hydration with pure water during long-duration endurance events). Magnesium is essential for muscle contraction, ATP production, and neuromuscular transmission.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbsence of stimulants for day and night use, with no timing limits:\u003c\/strong\u003e The complete absence of caffeine and stimulants in EvoCarbs 2.0 makes it suitable for use at any time of day, including night workouts, and eliminates the risk of interaction with other stimulant supplements the athlete may already be using. For athletes who want to add caffeine to their intra-workout hydration protocol, HSN recommends stacking it with Evolytes Plus+ (which provides natural caffeine + electrolytes in capsules), thus maintaining independent control over each component.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAllergen-free, vegan, with excellent solubility and balanced flavors:\u003c\/strong\u003e EvoCarbs 2.0 is formulated without any declared food allergens, making it suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets and for athletes with multiple dietary restrictions. Its solubility is excellent, dissolving completely in cold water without the need for a shaker, which facilitates preparation in a bottle during cycling, running, or triathlon sessions. The flavors have been developed with sweetness and taste intensity calibrated to be pleasant in large volumes of liquid (500ml to 1 liter per serving), without the excessive sweetness often associated with conventional sports drinks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntra-workout (during exercise):\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 2 scoops (~40g) in 400 to 500ml of cold water and consume in small sips throughout the exercise session. For high-intensity sessions lasting over 60 minutes, this is the primary timing for use, providing energy to maintain performance and replenish electrolytes lost through sweating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-workout (light carbohydrate load):\u003c\/strong\u003e Consume 30 to 45 minutes before training to increase carbohydrate availability from the start of the session, especially useful in morning workouts where there is insufficient time for a solid pre-workout meal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-workout (glycogen and electrolyte replenishment):\u003c\/strong\u003e Consume immediately after training to quickly begin replenishing glycogen and lost electrolytes, especially for athletes with multiple training sessions on the same day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreparation method:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 40g (~2 scoops) in 400 to 500ml of cold water to achieve the certified isotonic osmolality. Adjust the water volume according to taste preference, keeping in mind that more water results in a hypotonic solution (more suitable for hydration in extreme heat conditions) and less water results in a hypertonic solution (more suitable for caloric priority over hydration).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355891035,"sku":null,"price":1.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-EVOCARBS2.0_40g.webp?v=1777499366"},{"product_id":"product_69abafb5-2322-4956-bb00-480f4110dc07","title":"HSN - COLLAGEN JOINT HEALTH POWDER | 15g","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Joint Health Collagen Powder is a complete joint health support formula, developed by HSN experts with low molecular weight hydrolysed bovine collagen peptides as the main ingredient, enriched with a wide spectrum of vitamins (C, D, E, K, B6, B12, Folic Acid), minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Copper), functional cartilage compounds (MSM, D-Glucosamine, Chondroitin) and natural anti-inflammatory plant extracts (Turmeric, Boswellia serrata and Black Pepper). The collagen used is of bovine origin, produced from the connective tissue of meat cuts intended for human consumption, from pasture-raised animals without hormones or antibiotics, with controlled hydrolysis ensuring low molecular weight peptides with high bioavailability. Suitable for people allergic to fish and shellfish (it is not of marine origin). GMO-free. Easy-to-dissolve powder format, available in Orange, Peach, Cherry and other flavours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow molecular weight hydrolysed bovine collagen peptides for maximum bioavailability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hydrolysed collagen is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of native collagen, breaking the long tripeptide chains into low molecular weight peptides (typically 2000 to 5000 Daltons) that are absorbed intact in the small intestine and transported to the bloodstream without the need for further digestion. Kinetic studies document that isotope-labelled collagen peptides are detected in plasma, skin, cartilage and connective tissues within hours of ingestion, confirming their bioavailability and arrival at the target tissue. HSN's controlled hydrolysis of bovine collagen ensures a consistent low molecular weight that maximises absorption, unlike non-hydrolysed collagen (gelatine) which requires complete gastrointestinal digestion with variable absorption.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTriple joint protection: MSM + D-Glucosamine + Chondroitin:\u003c\/strong\u003e The three functional compounds included in the formula act on different aspects of joint health in a complementary and synergistic way. MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) is a source of bioavailable organic sulphur, essential for the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, with documented anti-inflammatory properties in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) that are involved in the degradation of articular cartilage. D-Glucosamine is an aminomonosaccharide precursor of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans that constitute the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, with clinical studies documenting a reduction in joint pain and an improvement in function in osteoarthritis. Chondroitin is a structural glycosaminoglycan of articular cartilage, with water retention properties in the cartilaginous matrix (providing elasticity and resistance to compression) and inhibition of cartilage-degrading enzymes (MMP-3, MMP-13).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoswellia serrata for anti-inflammatory modulation of the joint:\u003c\/strong\u003e Boswellia serrata extract (Indian frankincense) is one of the herbal anti-inflammatories with the strongest scientific evidence base for joint health. Boswellic acids, especially AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid), specifically inhibit the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), the metabolic pathway responsible for the production of inflammatory leukotrienes that contribute to synovial inflammation and articular cartilage degradation. Unlike conventional NSAIDs that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 (with potential gastrointestinal injury), Boswellia preferentially acts on the 5-LOX pathway, with a better gastrointestinal tolerance profile and without the risk of gastric mucosal injury associated with COX-1 inhibition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin C for collagen synthesis: the most direct EFSA health claim for joints:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an indispensable enzymatic cofactor for proline hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes, responsible for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen synthesis. Without sufficient Vitamin C, the synthesised collagen has a defective structure and lower mechanical resistance, compromising the integrity of all connective tissues. EFSA specifically recognises that Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of cartilage, one of the most relevant and directly applicable health claims to the context of this joint health formula.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurmeric (curcumin) and Black Pepper (piperine) for anti-inflammatory potentiation and bioavailability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Curcumin, the bioactive compound of Curcuma longa rhizome, has widely documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, acting on multiple inflammatory pathways including the inhibition of the nuclear factor NF-κB and the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main limitation of conventional curcumin is its very low oral bioavailability. The inclusion of Black Pepper extract (piperine) in the formula partially solves this problem: piperine inhibits the intestinal and hepatic first-pass enzymes (CYP3A4, UGT) that metabolise curcumin, increasing its oral bioavailability up to 20 times, as documented in published clinical studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin D for bone health and muscle function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin D is an essential cofactor for intestinal calcium absorption and normal bone mineralisation, being especially relevant in contexts of joint and bone health where maintaining bone mineral density is critical for protecting joints from mechanical overload. EFSA recognises that Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal bones and teeth and normal muscle function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus and Copper for bone health and connective tissue synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e The four included minerals cover essential functions for the integrity of the musculoskeletal system: Calcium and Phosphorus for bone matrix mineralisation; Magnesium for normal muscle function and as a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes including those involved in protein synthesis; and Copper as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the cross-linking of mature collagen that provides mechanical strength to connective tissue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBovine collagen, free from marine allergens, from pasture-raised animals:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN collagen comes from pasture-raised cows without hormones, antibiotics or conventional feed, processed from the connective tissue of meat cuts intended for human consumption. This origin is especially relevant for people with allergies or intolerances to fish and shellfish (which excludes a large part of the marine collagens available on the market), guaranteeing a high-quality bovine alternative without allergenic risk for this group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eDirections\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dissolve the dose indicated on the packaging (typically 1 scoop, ~15 to 20 g) in 200 to 300 ml of cold water or any preferred drink. Consume in the morning, preferably on an empty stomach or with a light meal, to maximise the absorption of collagen peptides. Continued use for at least 3 months is necessary for consistent results.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming and consistency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Collagen and glucosamine require continuous use for at least 8 to 12 weeks for the cartilage support effects to become clinically noticeable. Daily consistency is more important than the exact timing of consumption.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705355956571,"sku":null,"price":1.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-COLLAGENJOINTHEALTHPOWDER.webp?v=1777498902"},{"product_id":"product_46658c6b-f24a-43b0-9201-3d2286c5ed90","title":"HSN - LUTEIN + ZEAXANTHIN | 120 capsules","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eLutein + Zeaxanthin 20 mg\/1 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on Tagetes erecta (marigold) flower extract with a 38:1 concentration ratio, standardised to 20% lutein, 1.5% total carotenoids, and 1.3% zeaxanthin, protected by a microencapsulation system that ensures the maximum stability of these oxidation-sensitive fat-soluble carotenoids. The formula is supplemented with Vitamin A (retinyl acetate), which has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of normal vision, as recognised by the EFSA. Each daily dose of 2 capsules provides 40 mg of Lutein and ~1.3 mg of Zeaxanthin, covering the doses used in most reference clinical studies on eye health and macular pigment. Derived from plant sources, suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets. Gluten-free and non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLutein and Zeaxanthin: the essential macular carotenoids for visual health:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lutein and Zeaxanthin are two xanthophylls (oxygenated carotenoids) that constitute the main pigment of the macula lutea, the central region of the retina responsible for high-resolution vision, colour vision, and reading. The human body does not synthesise lutein or zeaxanthin endogenously and relies entirely on dietary intake of these molecules to maintain macular pigment levels. The typical Western diet provides insufficient amounts of lutein (typically 1 to 2 mg\/day), well below the 6 to 10 mg considered adequate for eye protection, and even further below the 40 mg\/day used in the most impactful clinical studies. Macular pigment fulfils two critical functions for visual health: optical filter of high-energy blue light (which is the most potentially damaging to the retina) and direct antioxidant for the protection of photoreceptors against light-induced oxidative stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMacular protection and reduction of the risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD):\u003c\/strong\u003e AMD is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 in developed countries, with macular pigment depletion being one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Large-scale longitudinal studies, including the AREDS2 (Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2) by the US National Eye Institute, document that supplementation with Lutein and Zeaxanthin significantly reduces the risk of progression from intermediate AMD to advanced AMD. The optical density of macular pigment (MPOD) is directly proportional to the intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, being an established biomarker of AMD risk. Supplementation with the doses of HSN's product (40 mg\/day of Lutein) covers and exceeds the doses tested in the main reference clinical studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtection against cataracts and lens opacification:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to their role in macular protection, lutein and zeaxanthin are present in the human lens, where they act as blue light filters and antioxidants to protect the lens against oxidative stress that promotes opacification (cataracts). Epidemiological studies document an inverse association between plasma levels of lutein\/zeaxanthin and the incidence of nuclear and posterior subcapsular cataracts, two of the most common types of cataracts in middle-aged and elderly adults.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBlue light filter for digital protection and reduction of visual fatigue:\u003c\/strong\u003e The increasing exposure to blue light from computer screens, smartphones, and LED televisions represents a growing challenge for the eye health of adults of working age, who spend an average of 8 to 12 hours daily exposed to blue light from artificial sources. Lutein and zeaxanthin selectively absorb short-wavelength blue light (420 to 490 nm), acting as a natural optical filter that reduces the amount of blue light reaching the macular photoreceptors and the peripheral retina. Studies document that higher MPOD levels are associated with less eye discomfort, less photophobia, and better visual acuity in high-contrast conditions after blue light exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroencapsulation for carotenoid stability and bioavailability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lutein and zeaxanthin are fat-soluble carotenoids with high susceptibility to oxidation, which rapidly degrades these molecules when exposed to oxygen, light, and heat. HSN protects its carotenoids with a microencapsulation system that encapsulates each carotenoid molecule in a protective matrix, preventing contact with oxygen and light during storage and gastrointestinal transit. This protection ensures the maximum stability of the carotenoids from manufacturing to intestinal absorption, maintaining the declared potency on the label until the end of the shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTagetes erecta (marigold) extract: the most concentrated plant source of natural lutein:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tagetes erecta (marigold) flower extract, with a 38:1 concentration ratio and standardised to 20% lutein, is the plant source with the highest concentration of lutein commercially available for supplementation. The lutein and zeaxanthin extracted from Tagetes are the same molecules found in the human eye, with identical chemical structure and equal bioavailability. The plant origin of the extract makes the product suitable for vegan diets, unlike lutein and zeaxanthin sources derived from egg yolk (the other concentrated dietary source of these carotenoids), which are not suitable for vegans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin A for the maintenance of normal vision:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin A (retinol\/retinyl acetate) included in the formula plays a complementary and distinct role from lutein and zeaxanthin in visual health. As recognised by the EFSA, Vitamin A has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of normal vision, being the precursor of 11-cis-retinal, the photosensitive molecule that constitutes the molecular basis of phototransduction in the rod cells of the retina, essential for scotopic vision (vision in low light conditions). The combination of Lutein + Zeaxanthin (protects the macula and cones of daytime vision) with Vitamin A (supports rhodopsin and rods of night vision) covers the two complementary visual systems of the human eye.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 vegetable capsules per day, preferably with a meal containing fat. Lutein and zeaxanthin are fat-soluble carotenoids whose intestinal absorption is significantly enhanced by the presence of dietary fat in the meal, which stimulates the secretion of bile and pancreatic lipase necessary for their incorporation into micelles and absorption by enterocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsistency and duration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The increase in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) with lutein supplementation requires continued use for at least 12 to 16 weeks for measurable results. Indefinite continued use is safe and recommended, especially for adults over 40, intensive screen users, and people with a family history of AMD.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356022107,"sku":null,"price":17.18,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-LUTEIN_ZEAXANTHIN_20mg-1mg.webp?v=1777500925"},{"product_id":"product_2f6548a6-5516-4559-bd2e-da3d5d16f034","title":"HSN - PEA \u0026 MAG | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries PEA \u0026 Mag is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules based on ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) of plant origin and Magnesium Citrate, developed to support natural inflammatory balance, neuropathic pain modulation, and nervous system health. PEA (Palmitoylethanolamide) is an endogenous lipid belonging to the family of fatty acid amides, produced by the body itself in response to inflammatory stimuli and tissue injury, functioning as part of the body's natural anti-inflammatory defense system. Advanced micronization (particle size of 0.8 to 6 µm) ensures significantly higher bioavailability than conventional non-micronized PEA, which has very limited absorption due to its lipid nature and low aqueous solubility. The effective daily dose of 1200 mg of PEA is complemented with 250 mg of Magnesium via Magnesium Citrate (one of the forms with the highest bioavailability), which contributes to the normal functioning of the nervous system and the maintenance of bones. PEA of plant origin (rare and exclusive), suitable for vegan diets. Allergen-free, gluten-free, GMO-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePEA: the endogenous lipid amide with a central role in the body's natural anti-inflammatory defense system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an amide of palmitic acid (C16:0) with ethanolamine, belonging to the family of lipid endocannabinoids. It is synthesized on demand by body cells in response to injury, inflammation, and cellular stress stimuli, functioning as an endogenous lipid modulator of the immune and nervous systems. PEA acts primarily as an agonist of PPAR-α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha) receptors, which are nuclear transcription factors with a central role in modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and as a modulator of mast cells and microglia (the immune cells of the central nervous system), reducing the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-nociceptive mediators that amplify pain and chronic inflammation. This mechanism of action through PPAR-α distinguishes PEA from conventional NSAIDs (which inhibit COX-1 and COX-2) and cannabinoids (which act on CB1 and CB2 receptors), giving it an exceptional safety and tolerability profile without the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or psychoactive side effects associated with these other approaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltramicronization for maximum bioavailability: particle size of 0.8 to 6 µm:\u003c\/strong\u003e PEA is a lipid molecule with a high octanol\/water partition coefficient (high logP) and low aqueous solubility, which results in very variable and limited gastrointestinal absorption when administered in conventional crystalline form. Ultramicronization, which reduces particle size to 0.8 to 6 µm (micrometers), dramatically increases the contact surface with gastrointestinal fluid, improving effective solubility and intestinal absorption rate. Pharmacokinetic studies show that ultramicronized PEA has significantly higher plasma bioavailability than conventional PEA at the same dose, making the micronized form much more effective per gram of product ingested. The dose of 1200 mg\/day of ultramicronized PEA from HSN is the dose used in clinical studies that document the most consistent effects in modulating neuropathic and inflammatory pain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing evidence base: more than 70 to 80 clinical studies published per year since 2012:\u003c\/strong\u003e PEA was discovered in 1957 and identified in mammalian tissues in 1965, but the explosion of scientific interest has occurred in recent decades. Since 2012, 70 to 80 clinical studies on PEA are published annually, making it one of the fastest-growing compounds in research in the fields of nutrition and neuroscience. Areas with the strongest evidence base include: chronic neuropathic pain (including diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and post-herpetic neuralgia), chronic inflammatory pain (including osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia), neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, and support for muscle and joint recovery in athletes. Published meta-analyses document consistent reductions in pain scores across multiple chronic pain models with PEA doses between 300 and 1200 mg\/day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModulation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain without significant adverse effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e PEA has an exceptional safety profile, with no significant adverse effects documented in studies of continuous use for up to 12 months, no potential for dependence, no known significant pharmacological interactions, and none of the gastrointestinal risks of NSAIDs or the cardiovascular risks of corticosteroids. This safety makes PEA especially relevant for populations vulnerable to the adverse effects of conventional analgesics, including older adults with kidney or gastrointestinal disease, athletes who wish to avoid the health risks of chronic NSAID use, and people with neuropathic pain where NSAIDs are ineffective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for joint and muscle recovery in athletes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intensive use of muscles and joints in high-intensity training causes localized micro-inflammation, which is the normal physiological sign of the adaptation and recovery process. PEA, through its modulating action on mast cells and the local inflammatory response, can contribute to a more efficient resolution of this post-exercise inflammatory process, reducing recovery time and joint and muscle discomfort between training sessions. Its use is especially relevant for athletes with chronic low-grade joint inflammation associated with overuse or high-intensity training.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant-sourced PEA: vegan, exclusive, and more sustainable:\u003c\/strong\u003e PEA is typically extracted from animal sources (egg yolk, animal tissues), with plant-sourced PEA being rare and more complex and expensive to produce. HSN chooses to use exclusively plant-derived PEA, making the product suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets and for all users who, for ethical, religious, or preference reasons, avoid animal products. This choice differentiates HSN's PEA \u0026 Mag from most PEA supplements available on the market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium Citrate for synergistic nervous system support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium (via Magnesium Citrate, one of the forms with the highest bioavailability) complements the action of PEA in supporting the central and peripheral nervous system. As recognized by the EFSA, Magnesium has been shown to contribute to the normal functioning of the nervous system, the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, normal muscle function, and the maintenance of normal bones. Magnesium also plays a specific role in modulating pain transmission at the CNS level, acting as a natural antagonist of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor, the main glutamatergic receptor involved in central sensitization of chronic pain. This action complements and potentiates the anti-nociceptive mechanisms of PEA, justifying the synergistic combination of the two molecules in a unique formula.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take the dose indicated on the package (typically 2 to 4 capsules per day) with meals. Taking it with fat-containing foods improves PEA absorption, as its lipid nature benefits from the presence of dietary fat in the intestine for incorporation into absorption micelles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDuration of treatment:\u003c\/strong\u003e The effects of PEA are cumulative and typically require 4 to 12 weeks of continuous use for clinically noticeable results in chronic pain conditions. For sports recovery support, effects may be noticeable more quickly (1 to 4 weeks).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e For more comprehensive joint support, combine with HSN's Joint Health Collagen Powder (which includes Chondroitin, Glucosamine, MSM, and Boswellia) or with Omega-3 (which has complementary anti-inflammatory properties through the resolvin and protectin pathway).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356054875,"sku":null,"price":39.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-PEA_MAG_MICRONIZEDPALMITOYLTANOLAMIDE_MAGNESIUM.webp?v=1777501805"},{"product_id":"product_c89365d5-107c-463b-9749-6c183d24f959","title":"HSN - ASU | 120 capsules","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries ASU (Avocado Soybean Unsaponifiables) 300 mg is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules based on a concentrated and standardized extract of the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado (Persea americana) and soybean (Glycine max) oils in a clinical 1:2 ratio, standardized to 30% phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol). Unsaponifiables are the minor fraction of vegetable oils that do not form soap when reacted with a base (they are non-saponifiable), concentrating compounds of high functional interest such as phytosterols, triterpene alcohols, and tocopherols, which are virtually absent in other lipid fractions of the oils. HSN offers ASU in an innovative powder formulation encapsulated in HPMC vegetable capsules, without gelatine, added oils, or unnecessary additives, as a clean label and vegan alternative to the conventional oil-based softgel format. Each capsule provides 300 mg of ASU with 30% guaranteed phytosterols. 1 capsule per day. Vegan, allergen-free, and GMO-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eASU: the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado and soy with extensive clinical evidence in osteoarthritis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Avocado Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU) are one of the natural compounds with the strongest clinical evidence base from randomized controlled trials for joint health support, especially in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). The product was initially marketed in France as a classified medicine (Piascledine®) and has been the subject of several phase III clinical trials. Ernst's systematic review (2003) and Christensen et al.'s meta-analysis (2008) document that ASU at 300 mg\/day produces clinically significant improvements in pain and joint function scores in OA patients compared to placebo. Simental-Mendía et al.'s meta-analysis (2019) confirms these results, including additional studies published after the 2008 meta-analysis. The 1:2 avocado\/soy ratio used in HSN's formulation is the exact ratio tested in the reference clinical studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMultifactorial mechanism of action on articular cartilage:\u003c\/strong\u003e The mechanism of action of ASU in osteoarthritis is multifactorial and acts on several aspects of the pathophysiology of cartilage degradation. Studies by Henrotin et al. (2003) on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes document that ASU increases the synthesis of aggrecan (the main proteoglycan of articular cartilage responsible for water retention and compression resistance), inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-13, also known as stromelysin and collagenase) which are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of collagen and proteoglycans in cartilage, and reduces the production of inflammatory and catabolic mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and prostaglandins E2. This combination of stimulating the synthesis of structural components of cartilage with inhibiting the catabolic and inflammatory pathways that degrade it positions ASU as a compound with potential disease-modifying effects (Disease-Modifying OA Drug, DMOAD), in addition to the symptomatic effect of pain reduction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhytosterols standardized to 30%: beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol as key bioactive compounds:\u003c\/strong\u003e Standardization to 30% phytosterols ensures that each 300 mg HSN ASU capsule provides 90 mg of total phytosterols, mainly beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, the main phytosterols represented in the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado and soy. Phytosterols have a chemical structure analogous to cholesterol, with which they compete for intestinal absorption, and have documented anti-inflammatory properties that are considered responsible for part of ASU's functional effect in modulating the articular inflammatory response. Standardization to 30% guarantees batch-to-batch consistency in the active composition of the product, unlike unstandardized extracts where the concentration of phytosterols can vary significantly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReduced need for NSAIDs in osteoarthritis patients:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the most clinically relevant results of ASU clinical trials is the reduction in the necessary dose of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and dicofenac) for joint pain control. Blotman et al.'s study (1997) documented that OA patients taking ASU 300 mg\/day for 45 days reduced the necessary diclofenac dose from ~150 mg to ~50 mg\/day, compared to a much smaller reduction in the placebo group (~130 to ~80 mg\/day). This NSAID-sparing property is especially relevant given the adverse effect profile of NSAIDs in chronic use (gastric ulcer, kidney injury, cardiovascular risk), making ASU a joint support strategy that can reduce exposure to these risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInnovative encapsulated powder format: the clean label and vegan alternative to conventional softgel:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vast majority of ASU supplements available on the market are formulated in oil-based softgels (typically sunflower or soybean oil as a lipid vehicle), with an animal gelatine capsule. This format has several limitations: it is not suitable for vegan diets (animal gelatine), has limited oxidative stability (vehicle oils can rancify), and often contains soy allergens in the oily vehicle. HSN develops its ASU in a completely different format: encapsulated powder in an HPMC vegetable capsule, without gelatine, added oils, or allergens, making it suitable for vegans and vegetarians and with much greater oxidative stability. This clean label formulation is technically more demanding but results in a product of purer and more transparent composition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented safety and well-tolerated in prolonged use:\u003c\/strong\u003e ASU has an exceptional safety profile, with clinical studies lasting up to 3 years showing no evidence of adverse effects significantly different from placebo. There are no associated gastrointestinal adverse effects (unlike NSAIDs and corticosteroids), no documented hepatotoxicity, and no known significant drug interactions. This safety makes ASU suitable for continued long-term use, which is the most relevant clinical context given the chronic and progressive nature of osteoarthritis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule per day, preferably with a meal containing fat. The presence of dietary fat in the meal facilitates the absorption of the fat-soluble compounds of the unsaponifiable fraction, optimizing the bioavailability of phytosterols and other active compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDuration and consistency:\u003c\/strong\u003e The effects of ASU are gradual, typically requiring 2 to 3 months of continuous use for the symptomatic effects of pain reduction and improvement in joint function to become clinically noticeable. Continued long-term use is the model documented in longer-duration studies, with benefits that tend to persist after treatment cessation (a 2-month carry-over effect documented in the study by Maheu et al., 1998).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations for comprehensive joint support:\u003c\/strong\u003e For a multi-ingredient joint health protocol, ASU can be combined with HSN's Joint Health Collagen Powder (which includes Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM, and Boswellia serrata), with PEA \u0026 Mag (for additional modulation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain), and with Amix Super Omega 3 (EPA\/DHA for inflammation resolution). Each of these ingredients acts on complementary pathways of joint health, enhancing the overall benefit.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356087643,"sku":null,"price":15.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-ASU_AVOCADOSOYBEANUNSAPONIFIABLES_300mg.webp?v=1777498737"},{"product_id":"product_793be5c3-6e33-473a-a432-84b5e566a6ab","title":"HSN - ROUTINE | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Rutin 500 mg is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on naturally sourced rutin, extracted from the flower buds of Sophora japonica (Japanese pagoda tree), with an 8:1 extraction ratio and standardized to 98% pure rutin. Rutin is a flavonol (bioflavonoid) present in various fruits, vegetables, and plants, with the flower buds of Sophora japonica before blooming being the natural source with the highest known rutin density, making this plant the raw material of choice for supplementation with this compound. The formula is enriched with Magnesium Citrate (highly bioavailable) and Selenium (L-selenomethionine), two micronutrients with antioxidant properties and nervous system support complementary to those of rutin. Each capsule provides 500 mg of 98% rutin, equivalent to ~8163 mg of Sophora japonica bud extract. Dosage: 1 capsule 1 to 2 times a day with meals (500 to 1000 mg of rutin\/day). Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRutin: the Sophora japonica flavonol with antioxidant, vascular, and anti-inflammatory properties:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rutin (also called rutoside or quercetin 3-O-rutinoside) is a glycoside flavonol formed by the union of quercetin with the disaccharide rutinose. It is one of the most studied bioflavonoids in scientific literature, with documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, venoprotective, and anticoagulant properties. Rutin belongs to the flavonol family, the same subfamily as quercetin, with which it shares the structural core and many of its biological properties, being the most abundant natural quercetin glycoside in plants. Sophora japonica is the natural source with the highest concentration of rutin available, especially in closed flower buds before blooming, where rutin serves as an energy reserve compound for the flowering process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtection and reinforcement of capillary and vascular integrity:\u003c\/strong\u003e The most classic and documented property of rutin is its role in strengthening the integrity of blood capillary walls. Rutin inhibits hyaluronidase, the enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid, which is part of the extracellular matrix of capillary vessels, contributing to the maintenance of mechanical resistance and selective impermeability of capillary walls. This action results in reduced capillary fragility, lower permeability to water and plasma proteins (reducing edema), and lower susceptibility to bruise formation from minor trauma. These properties are especially relevant for people with capillary fragility, easy bruising, chronic venous insufficiency, and hemorrhoidal problems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDirect antioxidant activity and cellular protection against oxidative stress:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rutin is a potent free radical scavenger antioxidant, capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), chelating transition metal ions (such as iron and copper) that catalyze oxidative Fenton reactions, and activating endogenous antioxidant defense pathways (Nrf2). Its antioxidant activity is amplified in vivo by conjugation with quercetin (which is the product of rutin deglycosidation by intestinal microbiota), as both molecules have complementary antioxidant activity. Studies document that rutin supplementation increases plasma markers of total antioxidant capacity and reduces markers of lipid peroxidation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eModulation of inflammation and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rutin has documented anti-inflammatory properties in multiple experimental models, acting on the inhibition of inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX), the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), and the modulation of the nuclear factor NF-κB. Clinical and preclinical studies document that rutin in combination with other flavonoids (such as in the diosmin-hesperidin flavonoid mixture) is effective and safe for controlling bleeding associated with hemorrhoids, with patient satisfaction significantly higher than the placebo group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInhibition of platelet aggregation and circulation support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rutin interferes with platelet activation through the inhibition of enzymes such as phosphodiesterase and protein kinase C, and by complexing calcium ions which are necessary for platelet activation signaling. This antiplatelet property is relevant for maintaining fluid blood circulation in contexts of high thromboembolic risk, although it should be used with caution in people already taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium Citrate for fatigue reduction and nervous system support:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Magnesium Citrate included in the formula provides 77.5 mg of elemental magnesium per daily dose, in one of the forms with the highest bioavailability. As recognized by the EFSA, Magnesium demonstrably contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, to the normal functioning of the nervous and muscular system, and to the maintenance of normal bones. In the context of vascular and circulatory support, magnesium is especially relevant given its role in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and the regulation of blood pressure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium (L-selenomethionine) for cellular antioxidant protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-selenomethionine (the organic form of Selenium with the highest bioavailability) is an essential cofactor of glutathione peroxidase, the antioxidant enzyme that uses glutathione to neutralize lipid and hydrogen peroxides. As recognized by the EFSA, Selenium demonstrably contributes to the protection of cells against oxidative stress, synergistically complementing the direct antioxidant activity of rutin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8:1 extract standardized to 98% Sophora japonica flower bud: the highest concentration available:\u003c\/strong\u003e The choice of Sophora japonica flower buds before opening is crucial for the quality of the extract, as this stage of plant development concentrates the highest density of rutin. The 8:1 extraction ratio and standardization to 98% rutin ensure that each 500 mg capsule provides an equivalent of ~8163 mg of native flower bud, with 98% of the capsule content being pure rutin, without dilution by other plant phytochemicals. This purity and concentration clearly distinguish this product from conventional rutin extracts with lower standardization and less source specificity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 1 to 2 times a day with meals. The dose of 1000 mg\/day (2 capsules) is the dose used in most clinical studies for vascular and anti-inflammatory support. For use as a maintenance antioxidant, 500 mg\/day (1 capsule) may be sufficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming:\u003c\/strong\u003e Taking with meals improves gastrointestinal tolerance and may improve absorption, as the presence of food stimulates gastrointestinal transit and the activity of digestive enzymes that process glycosylated flavonoids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e For more comprehensive vascular support, combine with HSN's Vitamin C 1000 mg (which has complementary vascular strengthening properties and regenerates oxidized rutin). For a more complete bioflavonoid profile, HSN's Citrus Bioflavonoids Complex combines rutin with quercetin, citrus bioflavonoids, and Vitamin C in a single formula.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356120411,"sku":null,"price":18.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-RUTIN_500mg.webp?v=1777503624"},{"product_id":"product_64338849-00bf-4764-9607-0f17d4944273","title":"HSN - SUSTAINED-RELEASE CAFFEINE (CaffXtend) | 400mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eCaffeine Slow Release from HSN's EssentialSeries line is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on CaffXtend®, Inventia Healthcare Ltd.'s granulated slow-release caffeine raw material, supplemented with pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) and Vitamin B6. CaffXtend® is a patented granulation system that encapsulates natural anhydrous caffeine extracted from Coffea robusta beans in a modified-release matrix, completely altering caffeine's pharmacokinetic profile: while conventional immediate-release caffeine releases over 95% of its content within the first 5 minutes, CaffXtend® releases caffeine gradually and sustainedly over more than 12 hours, as documented by Inventia in comparative pharmacokinetic studies. CaffXtend® contains 50% pure caffeine by mass (the remaining 50% being the granulation matrix that provides the modified release): each capsule provides 400 mg of CaffXtend® = 200 mg of pure slow-release caffeine. 1 capsule per day, preferably in the morning. Vegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaffXtend®: Inventia Healthcare's patented slow-release technology that transforms caffeine's pharmacokinetic profile:\u003c\/strong\u003e Conventional caffeine (anhydrous or natural immediate-release) has very rapid absorption pharmacokinetics, with plasma peak (Cmax) typically reached 30 to 60 minutes after ingestion, followed by a more gradual decline over 3 to 5 hours (caffeine plasma half-life of ~5 hours). This rapid peak-and-drop profile is suitable for short-term occasional use (1-2 hour workout, pre-workout), but has disadvantages for long-term use: the high peak often causes tremors, palpitations, and anxiety (especially in caffeine-sensitive individuals), and the abrupt drop in plasma concentrations 3 to 5 hours after intake is perceived as a \"caffeine crash\", with sudden fatigue and lack of concentration. CaffXtend® completely alters this profile through its granulation technology: caffeine is absorbed slowly over more than 12 hours, without a high peak and without an abrupt drop, resulting in a smoother, more sustained effect without the typical crash.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDirect clinical comparison: CaffXtend® vs immediate-release caffeine:\u003c\/strong\u003e The study by Thanawala et al. (2022), published in the Journal of Dietary Supplements, directly compared the bioavailability and effects on mental functions of CaffXtend® vs immediate-release caffeine in an open-label, randomized, crossover, single-dose trial in humans. The results document that slow-release caffeine (CaffXtend®) produced superior cognitive effects (alertness, concentration) from 4 to 8 hours after intake compared to immediate-release caffeine, whose cognitive effects had declined during that period. Immediate-release caffeine produced more intense effects in the first 1 to 2 hours, but with a rapid subsequent decline. This profile clearly favors CaffXtend® for uses requiring sustained alertness and concentration over 6 to 12 hours, such as prolonged workdays or long study sessions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200 mg of pure slow-release caffeine: the effective dose for alertness and concentration without excessive side effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 200 mg of pure caffeine per capsule represents the central dose used in most clinical studies of caffeine for cognitive and alertness effects, and is within the safety range established by EFSA (up to 400 mg\/day in healthy adults). Because it is slow-release, the 200 mg of caffeine in CaffXtend® produces much lower maximum plasma concentrations than 200 mg of immediate-release caffeine, which significantly reduces adverse effects related to high plasma peaks (tremors, tachycardia, anxiety) while maintaining the stimulating and focusing effect throughout the day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePantothenic Acid (B5) for normal intellectual performance and neurotransmitter synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e The pantothenic acid included in the formula has EFSA-approved health claims especially relevant in the context of a cognitive support product: it is proven to contribute to normal intellectual performance, normal energy metabolism, and the normal synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones, Vitamin D, and some neurotransmitters (especially acetylcholine, via acetyl-CoA synthesis which is the cofactor of choline acetyltransferase). This action of supporting neurotransmitter synthesis complements caffeine's stimulating effect at the level of cholinergic transmission, which is especially important for working memory and attention.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B6 for fatigue reduction, energy metabolism, and nervous system function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) is a cofactor for more than 100 enzymes involved in amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism, with EFSA-approved health claims for: reduction of tiredness and fatigue, normal energy metabolism, and normal functioning of the nervous system. In the context of a slow-release cognitive support product, the inclusion of Vitamin B6 complements caffeine's stimulating effect with metabolic support for neuronal function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLabeling transparency: 400 mg of CaffXtend® ≠ 400 mg of pure caffeine:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN warns of a common misleading practice in the market: some manufacturers declare \"Caffeine (CaffXtend®) 400 mg\", leading the consumer to think they are receiving 400 mg of pure caffeine, when in reality CaffXtend® has only 50% caffeine by mass (the other 50% being the modified-release granulation matrix) and therefore 400 mg of CaffXtend® = 200 mg of pure caffeine. HSN declares with full transparency: 400 mg of CaffXtend® (50% pure caffeine) = 200 mg of pure slow-release caffeine, allowing the consumer to correctly compare the actual caffeine content with other products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsage profile: study, work, and long-duration endurance sports:\u003c\/strong\u003e CaffXtend®'s slow-release profile makes it particularly suitable for three usage contexts. For students in long study sessions (4 to 8 hours), maintaining concentration and alertness throughout the entire period without a crash is the main benefit. For workers in long or cognitively demanding shifts, the same profile of maintaining alertness without an excessive initial peak or crash is crucial. For long-duration endurance athletes (ultramarathon, long-distance cycling, long-distance triathlon), the slow release ensures continuous caffeine availability throughout the event without the need for re-dosing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule per day, preferably in the morning with or without food. Given the caffeine release over up to 12 hours, it is recommended to take it early to minimize impact on night sleep.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming for different uses:\u003c\/strong\u003e For study or work: take upon waking or at the start of the workday\/study session. For long-duration endurance sports: take 30 to 60 minutes before starting the activity. Do not take after 2:00 PM to minimize the risk of interfering with night sleep, as the release extends for 12 hours.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356218715,"sku":null,"price":24.45,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-CAFEINADELIBERTACAOPROLONGADA_CaffXtend.png?v=1776805092"},{"product_id":"product_ff9977d8-d12a-49f3-87b8-87b52a808c36","title":"HSN - CHOLESTEROL CARE | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Cholesterol Care is an exclusive broad-spectrum formula developed by HSN's Research and Development department specifically for supporting blood cholesterol control, combining 11 active compounds in vegan capsules without aesthetic additives. The formula includes two patented ingredients (Vegapure® and BioPerine®), five highly concentrated and standardised plant extracts (Amla, Berberis aristata, Milk Thistle, Red Yeast Rice, Black Pepper), microencapsulated Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, Coenzyme Q10, Policosanol from sugarcane, and two B vitamins (B1 and B12 methylcobalamin). The combination of these compounds covers multiple molecular pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular health, in a complementary and synergistic way. Dosage: 2 vegan capsules twice a day before meals (4 capsules\/day). Vegan, non-GMO, no aesthetic additives or colourings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegapure® Phytosterols (800 mg\/day, 73.5% beta-sitosterol): the EFSA-approved health claim for normal blood cholesterol maintenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Phytosterols (plant sterols) are compounds structurally analogous to cholesterol found in animals, but derived from plants (soy, rapeseed, pine). The EFSA has approved the health claim: phytosterols and phytostanols contribute to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels, with the beneficial effect obtained with a minimum daily intake of 0.8 g. Cholesterol Care provides exactly this effective dose of 800 mg of phytosterols per day. The mechanism of action is competitive: phytosterols have a very similar structure to cholesterol and compete with it for incorporation into absorption micelles in the small intestine, reducing the amount of cholesterol (both dietary and bile-derived) that is absorbed into the bloodstream. Vegapure® is BASF's phytosterol raw material, internationally recognised for its quality and its high standardised content of beta-sitosterol (73.5%), the phytosterol with the greatest evidence base for reducing LDL cholesterol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRed Yeast Rice (Monacolin K): a natural mechanism analogous to statins:\u003c\/strong\u003e Red yeast rice is produced by fermenting rice (Oryza sativa) with the fungus Monascus purpureus, which naturally produces a group of compounds called monacolins. Monacolin K, the most relevant compound, has a chemical structure identical to lovastatin (a statin class drug) and acts by the same mechanism: competitive inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, which is the rate-limiting step in the endogenous cholesterol synthesis pathway in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, Monacolin K reduces hepatic cholesterol production, which stimulates the liver to increase the expression of LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, resulting in increased uptake of LDL from circulation and a consequent reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels. The EFSA has approved the health claim: Monacolin K from red yeast rice contributes to maintaining normal blood cholesterol levels, with the beneficial effect obtained with a daily intake of 10 mg of Monacolin K. The Cholesterol Care formula is standardised to 3.75% Monacolin K in the red rice extract.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoenzyme Q10: essential muscle and cardiovascular protection with Monacolin K:\u003c\/strong\u003e Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, being fundamental for ATP production in all body cells, with a particular concentration in heart muscle and skeletal muscles. The inclusion of CoQ10 in the Cholesterol Care formula is especially relevant given that Monacolin K, by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, also inhibits the mevalonate synthesis pathway, which is a common precursor for both cholesterol and endogenous CoQ10. Supplementation with CoQ10 when using Monacolin K or statins is a widely recommended practice to compensate for CoQ10 depletion that can result from the inhibition of this pathway, especially to prevent myopathies (muscle pain) frequently associated with statin use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBerberis aristata (Berberine 97%, 100:1): mechanism complementary to Monacolin K via AMPK and PCSK9:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berberis aristata bark extract standardised to 97% berberine HCl has complementary and distinct mechanisms of action to Monacolin K for LDL cholesterol reduction. Berberine activates the enzyme AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), which promotes the expression of LDL receptors in hepatocytes (increasing LDL uptake from circulation), and inhibits PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9), the protease that degrades LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocytes. PCSK9 inhibition is the same mechanism of action as the newest monoclonal antibodies for cholesterol (evolocumab, alirocumab). The combination of Monacolin K (HMG-CoA reductase inhibition) with Berberine (AMPK activation and PCSK9 inhibition) results in coverage of three of the main molecular pathways of LDL regulation in a single product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegapure® Phytosterols + Milk Thistle + Amla: complementary liver and antioxidant protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) extract with 80% silymarin has documented hepatoprotective properties, with mechanisms that protect hepatocytes against oxidative damage, hepatic anti-inflammatory effects, and support for hepatic cell regeneration. Since the liver is the central organ of cholesterol metabolism, liver health is directly relevant to cholesterol regulation. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica, 60% hydrolysable tannins) extract is a broad-spectrum natural antioxidant with documented cardiovascular protective properties, inhibition of LDL oxidation (which is the critical step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques), and modulation of lipid metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroencapsulated Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: cardiovascular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory:\u003c\/strong\u003e Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis is a carotenoid with antioxidant properties far superior to most dietary antioxidants, with studies documenting antioxidant activity up to 6000 times greater than Vitamin C and 100 times greater than Vitamin E. In the cardiovascular context, astaxanthin has documented properties of inhibiting LDL oxidation (reducing the formation of oxidized LDL, which is the main trigger of atherosclerotic inflammation), modulating inflammatory cytokines, and improving endothelial function. The microencapsulation used in the formula protects astaxanthin (a very unstable fat-soluble carotenoid) from oxidation during storage, ensuring the potency declared on the label until the end of the shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugarcane Policosanol: additional support for cholesterol metabolism via AMPK:\u003c\/strong\u003e Policosanol, extracted from sugarcane wax (Saccharum officinarum), is a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols (mainly octacosanol) with properties supporting cholesterol metabolism via AMPK activation, similar to berberine but through distinct molecular mechanisms. Clinical studies with sugarcane policosanol document modest reductions in LDL-cholesterol and possible effects of increasing HDL-cholesterol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBioPerine® (piperine 98.5%) to increase the bioavailability of all compounds:\u003c\/strong\u003e Piperine (Piper nigrum extract) patented by Sabinsa Corporation under the name BioPerine® is an inhibitor of phase I (CYP3A4, CYP1A2) and phase II (UGT) metabolising enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism and elimination of many bioactive plant compounds, such as berberine, silymarin, and other phytochemicals in Cholesterol Care. By inhibiting these first-pass enzymes, BioPerine® increases the oral bioavailability of all compounds with which it is co-administered, maximising the efficacy of each ingredient in the formula.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B1 and Vitamin B12 methylcobalamin for cardiovascular health:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B1 (thiamine) contributes to normal heart function. Vitamin B12 methylcobalamin (the active and most bioavailable form of cobalamin) contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism, reducing plasma homocysteine levels, an amino acid that, in high concentrations, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 vegan capsules twice a day before main meals (total: 4 capsules\/day). Taking them before meals is especially relevant for phytosterols, which exert their cholesterol absorption-reducing effect directly on the subsequent meal.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356284251,"sku":null,"price":34.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-CHOLESTEROLCARE.webp?v=1777498803"},{"product_id":"product_bae28d2c-3a75-4e63-99f8-8ff46f043e35","title":"HSN - PROSTA CARE | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eProsta Care from HSN's EssentialSeries is a unique formula developed by HSN specifically for prostate health support in men, combining eight carefully selected active compounds in vegetable capsules without aesthetic additives or colorants. The formula focuses on a dual core of two highly concentrated plant extracts with a long tradition of use in supporting prostate health: Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens, 45% fatty acids) and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo, 1.5% enterodiol + 0.1% adenosine), then expanding coverage with broccoli extract (40% I3C), high-purity phytosterols (73.5% beta-sitosterol), Pygeum africanum bark extract (15% phytosterols), stable guaranteed microencapsulated lycopene, Zinc (bisglycinate) and Selenium (L-selenomethionine). Product for men from middle age. Vegan, non-GMO, gluten-free, allergen-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSaw Palmetto (Serenoa repens, 4:1, 45% fatty acids): the most studied plant extract for prostate health support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Saw Palmetto (a dwarf palm from the southeastern US, Serenoa repens) is the plant extract with the strongest clinical evidence base for prostate health support, with decades of research and multiple controlled clinical trials. The primary mechanism of action of Saw Palmetto fatty acids is the inhibition of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone into its more potent form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is the main androgen responsible for prostate growth and the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). By inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to DHT, Saw Palmetto fatty acids can help moderate prostate growth and alleviate urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. The 4:1 extract standardized to 45% fatty acids ensures a concentration of bioactive compounds four times higher than that of the native berry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePumpkin Seed Extract (Cucurbita pepo, 20:1, 1.5% enterodiol + 0.1% adenosine): the ingredient with a health claim for the prostate:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) has a specific health claim recognised by the EFSA: pumpkin seed contributes to maintaining normal prostate function, being the only ingredient in the formula with an EFSA health claim directly related to the prostate. The 20:1 extract concentrates the most relevant phytochemical compounds of the seed, namely enterodiol (a lignan phytoestrogen with hormonal modulating activity) and adenosine (a nucleoside with anti-inflammatory properties). The high concentration of the extract (20:1) guarantees a much higher intake than would be possible through the simple ingestion of pumpkin seeds in conventional food.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI3C from broccoli extract (30:1, 40% Indole-3-Carbinol): hormonal modulation and prostatic cell protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C), the most relevant glucosinolate compound from broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, has estrogen metabolism modulating properties that are especially relevant for prostate health. I3C promotes the conversion of estradiol (E2) via the 2-hydroxylation metabolic pathway (producing less active 2-hydroxyestradiol) over the 16-alpha-hydroxylation pathway (which produces 16-alpha-hydroxyestradiol, a metabolite with greater estrogenic activity that can stimulate prostate cell growth). This modulation of estrogen metabolism is the mechanism by which high consumption of cruciferous vegetables is epidemiologically associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. The 30:1 broccoli extract standardized to 40% I3C guarantees a much higher dose of I3C than would be obtained through conventional dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhytosterols (99%, 73.5% beta-sitosterol): support for urethral smooth muscle tone and prostate growth modulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Beta-sitosterol, the phytosterol with the highest representation in the formula (73.5%), has prostate health support properties independent of Saw Palmetto mechanisms, acting on urethral smooth muscle tone (reducing obstruction to urinary flow) and possibly on the modulation of prostate epithelial cell proliferation. Meta-analyses of clinical trials with beta-sitosterol in men with BPH document significant improvements in urinary symptom scores and post-void residual urine volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePygeum africanum (10:1, 15% phytosterols): prostatic anti-inflammatory of African origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pygeum africanum bark extract (African plum tree) is a second plant extract with a long tradition of use in supporting prostate health, complementing Saw Palmetto with partially distinct mechanisms of action. Pygeum africanum extract contains phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol), triterpenic acids (ursolic acid, oleanolic acid) and phenolic acids (ferulic acid). Triterpenic acids have documented anti-inflammatory properties in the prostatic mucosa, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins (PGE2) and growth factors that stimulate prostatic proliferation. Clinical studies with Pygeum africanum extract document improvement of urinary symptoms in men with BPH, with reduction of residual urinary flow and improvement of sleep quality by reducing nocturia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroencapsulated lycopene (10% lycopene): high-potency prostatic antioxidant with guaranteed bioavailability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lycopene is the carotenoid with the highest natural concentration in the human prostate (much higher than in other tissues), where it functions as an antioxidant protecting against oxidative stress, which is one of the mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis. Epidemiological studies document a robust inverse association between tomato consumption (the main dietary source of lycopene) and the risk of prostate cancer. The microencapsulation of lycopene in the Prosta Care formula is essential to guarantee its stability during storage, given that lycopene is a carotenoid very sensitive to oxidation, light, and heat, which degrades rapidly in conventional formulations without protection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc (bisglycinate) and Selenium (L-selenomethionine): essential minerals for prostate health and antioxidant cell protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e The prostate is the organ in the human body with the highest concentration of Zinc, and this mineral is essential for multiple prostatic functions including the synthesis of citric acid (a marker of normal prostatic function) and the regulation of prostate cell growth. As recognised by EFSA, Selenium contributes to normal spermatogenesis and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress, being especially relevant in the protection of prostate cells. Zinc bisglycinate is one of the forms of Zinc with the highest bioavailability, while L-selenomethionine is the most stable and bioavailable organic form of Selenium.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Consult the product label for the exact daily dose. Take the capsules preferably with a meal to improve gastrointestinal tolerance and the absorption of fat-soluble compounds (lycopene, Saw Palmetto fatty acids, phytosterols). Prosta Care is designed for continuous long-term use, with prostate health support effects being most noticeable after 4 to 12 weeks of regular use.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356677467,"sku":null,"price":38.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-PROSTACARE.webp?v=1777502127"},{"product_id":"product_2c78bc31-accc-41e2-98aa-ad61aac7954c","title":"HSN - STRESS CARE | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eStress Care® from HSN's EssentialSeries line is an exclusive stress management support formula developed by HSN's R\u0026amp;D team, combining three highly concentrated and standardised plant extracts (Ashwagandha KSM-66®, Melissa officinalis, and Lavender) with L-Theanine from green tea and four B vitamins (B5, B6, B9, and B12) in additive-free vegetable capsules. The central compound of the formula is KSM-66®, the patented Ashwagandha raw material from Ixoreal Biomed Inc., internationally recognised for its patented extraction process exclusively from the root (without leaves or stems) with the highest concentration of withanolides commercially available. Stress Care® is part of HSN's \"Care\" product line, focused on specific solutions for the main health needs of adults in a modern Western lifestyle. Dosage: 2 capsules in the morning + 2 capsules at night (4 capsules\/day). 120 capsules = 30 days of supply. Vegan, non-GMO, gluten-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAshwagandha KSM-66® (12:1, 5% withanolides): the adaptogen with the most clinical evidence for stress management:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a medicinal plant from the Indian Ayurvedic tradition with adaptogenic properties (compounds that increase the body's non-specific resistance to physical and psychological stress). KSM-66® is the Ashwagandha raw material with the highest number of published clinical studies, including the study by Chandrasekhar et al. (2012) published in the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that demonstrated that KSM-66® at 300 mg\/day for 60 days significantly reduced stress and anxiety scores (DASS scale), serum cortisol levels, and improved sleep quality and general well-being compared to placebo. The 12:1 extraction ratio standardised to 5% withanolides (the main bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha with adaptogenic activity) ensures a concentration 12 times higher than that of the native root. KSM-66® is extracted exclusively from the root of Withania somnifera (without leaves, stems, or other parts of the plant), which is relevant because the concentration of bioactive withanolides is maximal in the root and minimal in the aerial parts of the plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAshwagandha's adaptogenic mechanism: HPA axis modulation and cortisol reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The molecular mechanism by which Ashwagandha exerts its adaptogenic effects primarily involves the modulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which is the central hormonal system for stress response. Ashwagandha's withanolides modulate cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands (reducing chronic hypercortisolemia associated with prolonged stress), activate GABA-A receptors in the central nervous system (producing an anxiolytic effect), and modulate the levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp90) which are biomarkers of cellular stress. Additionally, withanolides have anti-inflammatory properties via NF-κB inhibition and modulate monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline), contributing to mood stabilisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelissa officinalis extract (15:1, 7% rosmarinic acid): natural anxiolytic and psychological well-being support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) leaf extract standardised to 7% rosmarinic acid has documented anxiolytic and mood-supporting properties, with mechanisms of action that include inhibition of the GABA transaminase enzyme (increasing GABA availability in the central nervous system), modulation of the cholinergic system (via acetylcholinesterase inhibition), and cerebral antioxidant properties (via rosmarinic acid). Clinical studies with Melissa officinalis document a reduction in anxiety, irritability, and perceived stress, improved mood, and support for sleep quality in adults with low to moderate chronic stress. The 15:1 dose concentrates the bioactive compounds of the leaf to a level 15 times higher than that of the native plant, ensuring a therapeutically relevant dose in a controlled capsule volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Theanine from green tea (Camellia sinensis): alert relaxation without sedation:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Theanine is the main amino acid in green tea leaves, responsible for the quality of relaxed alertness associated with tea consumption (in contrast to the more anxiogenic stimulation of isolated caffeine). L-Theanine crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts directly on the central nervous system: it increases GABA, serotonin, and dopamine levels; induces the production of alpha brain waves (associated with a state of alert relaxation, similar to meditation, without drowsiness); and reduces cortisol levels in response to acute stressors. The combination of L-Theanine with Ashwagandha's slower and sustained adaptogenic effect creates a synergy of temporal coverage: L-Theanine has a faster effect (30 to 60 minutes) for acute stress or situational anxiety, while Ashwagandha has a more gradual effect (2 to 8 weeks) for chronic HPA axis modulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLavender powder extract (5:1, 22.5% linalyl acetate + 17.5% linalool): sleep support and irritability reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lavender (Lavandula officinalis\/angustifolia) is recognised by European phytotherapeutic tradition for supporting mild anxiety, irritability, and sleep disorders. The main bioactive compounds are linalool and linalyl acetate, which have anxiolytic properties via modulation of GABA-A receptors and two-pore potassium channels. The powder formulation of lavender essential oil (not conventional liquid essential oil) is the appropriate form for oral administration, with much higher stability than conventional liquid essential oil in encapsulated formulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eB vitamins (B5, B6, B9, and B12 methylcobalamin): metabolic support for the nervous system and fatigue reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The four B vitamins included in the formula have EFSA-approved health claims specifically relevant in the context of chronic stress. Vitamin B6 contributes to normal psychological function and to the normal functioning of the nervous system. Pantothenic Acid (B5) contributes to normal mental performance and to the normal synthesis of neurotransmitters. Folic Acid (B9, folate) contributes to normal psychological function and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Vitamin B12 methylcobalamin contributes to normal psychological function and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Chronic stress increases the metabolic consumption of these vitamins in the pathways of neurotransmitter production (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline) and stress response, making their supplementation especially relevant in contexts of prolonged stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 vegetable capsules in the morning with breakfast and 2 vegetable capsules at night with dinner (4 capsules\/day total). Dividing the dose into morning and night ensures coverage throughout the day and takes advantage of the effect of lavender and L-Theanine at night to support sleep quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDuration of effect:\u003c\/strong\u003e The effects of L-Theanine and Lavender may be noticeable within a few hours of the first dose. The full adaptogenic effects of Ashwagandha KSM-66® require continuous use for 4 to 8 weeks for complete HPA axis modulation and chronic cortisol reduction. Continuous use for 2 to 3 months is recommended for more consistent and lasting results.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356775771,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-STRESSCARE.webp?v=1777503794"},{"product_id":"product_cceea25d-3595-4f76-838e-00bacc40c04c","title":"HSN - SAMe | 200mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries SAMe 200 mg is a dietary supplement in delayed-release DRCaps® vegetable capsules (Lonza) based on S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in its most stable available form: microencapsulated tosylate disulfate. SAMe is an endogenous molecule produced mainly in the liver, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-methionine and ATP, which participates as a cofactor in over 100 biochemical reactions in the body, functioning as the primary universal methyl group donor in human cellular metabolism. The formula is complemented with Choline Bitartrate, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Cupric Gluconate (Copper), and Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin), compounds that work synergistically with SAMe in methylation pathways, liver health, and homocysteine metabolism. Lonza's DRCaps® capsules are delayed-release vegetable capsules (HPMC) that protect SAMe from the acidic gastric environment, ensuring its intact arrival in the small intestine where it is absorbed. 1 capsule daily on an empty stomach. Vegan, allergen-free, non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSAMe: the universal methyl group donor and cofactor for over 100 biochemical reactions:\u003c\/strong\u003e SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine, also written S-adenosylmethionine) is an endogenous metabolite synthesized in the body mainly in the liver by the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), which conjugates L-methionine with ATP to form SAMe. It is the second most commonly used compound as an enzymatic cofactor in the human body (after ATP), participating as a methyl group donor in over 100 methylation reactions that encompass virtually all biological systems: neurotransmitter synthesis (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, melatonin), membrane phospholipid synthesis (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine), DNA methylation (epigenetic regulation of gene expression), carnitine synthesis, creatine synthesis, glutathione synthesis (via trans-sulfuration), and homocysteine metabolism. SAMe levels decrease with aging, in contexts of folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency, and in liver diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroencapsulated tosylate disulfate form: the most stable form for effective supplementation:\u003c\/strong\u003e SAMe in its free form (S-adenosyl-L-methionine base) is an extremely unstable compound that degrades rapidly on contact with oxygen, humidity, light, and gastric acid. The production of stable SAMe for oral supplementation requires chemical stabilization: the tosylate disulfate form is the most chemically stable SAMe salt commercially available, and it is the form used in the vast majority of SAMe clinical studies. Additional microencapsulation protects SAMe from oxidation during storage and gastrointestinal transit, and Lonza's DRCaps® capsules ensure that the capsule does not dissolve in the acidic environment of the stomach (pH 1 to 3) but only in the small intestine (pH 6 to 7), where SAMe is efficiently absorbed without acidic degradation. This combination of stable chemical form + microencapsulation + delayed-release capsule represents the most advanced SAMe protection technology available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for mood and psychological well-being via neurotransmitter synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e SAMe is an essential cofactor for enzymes that convert the amino acid L-DOPA into dopamine (via methyl group donation to the COMT enzyme, catechol-O-methyltransferase) and for the N-acetylation of serotonin into melatonin. The synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine directly depends on the availability of SAMe as a methyl group donor in the methylation reactions of these pathways. Clinical studies with SAMe in the context of mood support document mood and psychological well-being improvement effects, with documented mechanisms of action on the monoaminergic system. Meta-analyses document that SAMe at 800 to 1600 mg\/day produced superior effects to placebo in several clinical trials for mood support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for joint health: comparative clinical studies with NSAIDs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Two clinical studies evaluated in a 2002 meta-analysis (Soeken et al.) documented that SAMe (600 mg\/day orally, twice daily) was as effective as NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like diclofenac and ibuprofen) in improving functional limitations in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis, but without the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse effects of NSAIDs. The mechanism of action in articular cartilage involves stimulating proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes (via methylation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) and anti-inflammatory properties (via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine synthesis). This profile of efficacy comparable to conventional therapies but with much greater safety makes SAMe especially relevant for adults seeking natural alternatives to chronic NSAID use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for liver health and protection against cholestasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e The liver is the organ with the highest concentration of SAMe in the body (where it is primarily synthesized) and its hepatic functions are multiple and critical: participation in phosphatidylcholine synthesis (essential for hepatocyte membrane integrity and for lipid transport in bile), support for hepatic glutathione synthesis (via trans-sulfuration, SAMe is converted to cysteine, the limiting precursor of glutathione), and maintenance of biliary fluidity. In contexts of liver dysfunction (intrahepatic cholestasis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis), hepatic SAMe levels are often depleted, compromising these protective functions. Clinical studies with intravenous and oral SAMe in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and in alcoholic cirrhosis document improvements in markers of liver injury and biliary function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCholine bitartrate: synergistic support for hepatic lipid metabolism and methylation:\u003c\/strong\u003e The choline included in the formula as bitartrate (one of the most stable and bioavailable forms) is a precursor to the methyl group donor metabolite betaine, which can regenerate homocysteine to methionine (and consequently to SAMe) via the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) pathway. This pathway is complementary to the folate\/B12 pathway for homocysteine remethylation, and it is especially active in the liver. Choline also has EFSA-approved health claims for normal hepatic lipid metabolism and for the maintenance of normal liver function, being especially relevant for preventing the accumulation of liver fat (steatosis).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethylcobalamin Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C: essential cofactors of the SAMe cycle:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin, the active form) is an essential cofactor of methionine synthase, the enzyme that remethylates homocysteine to methionine (the direct precursor of SAMe) in the folate-dependent pathway. Without sufficient B12, the methionine-SAMe-homocysteine-methionine cycle is compromised, leading to homocysteine accumulation and SAMe depletion. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an antioxidant protective role for SAMe, given that SAMe is a molecule sensitive to oxidation, and Vitamin C can reduce the rate of oxidative degradation of SAMe during gastrointestinal transit after the DRCaps® capsule opens in the intestine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCopper (cupric gluconate): cofactor for copper-dependent enzymes relevant to the SAMe cycle:\u003c\/strong\u003e Copper is a cofactor for multiple enzymes that have a functional relationship with SAMe metabolism, including lysyl oxidase (which uses SAMe for collagen and elastin maturation), ceruloplasmin, and cupric-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu\/Zn-SOD), which is an enzymatic antioxidant that complements the antioxidant protection of SAMe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eDirections for Use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule daily, preferably on an empty stomach (30 minutes before meals), to maximize SAMe absorption without food interference. The dose of 200 mg\/day is the maintenance dose; for joint support, clinical studies typically used 600 to 1200 mg\/day (take 3 to 6 capsules\/day in divided doses, following professional advice).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e After opening, store in a cool (below 25°C), dry, and dark place. SAMe is sensitive to humidity, heat, and light: close the package tightly after each use.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356841307,"sku":null,"price":47.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-SAMe_200mg.webp?v=1777503713"},{"product_id":"product_99fd4ba3-4187-4c82-bb98-fb9759ed6095","title":"HSN - BERBERINE COMPLEX | 500mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's Berberine Complex 500 mg from the EssentialSeries line is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules based on high-purity Berberine HCl (97% berberine HCl, 90.5% berberine base), obtained from two highly concentrated (100:1) extracts of Berberis aristata: bark extract and root extract, complemented with Magnesium Citrate and Chromium Picolinate. Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid present in various species of the genus Berberis (especially Berberis aristata, native to the Himalayas and high-altitude areas of India and Nepal), with over 40 years of scientific research and a clinical evidence profile that positions it as one of the plant-derived compounds with the greatest documented potential for supporting glucose and lipid metabolism. The 97% berberine HCl concentration in the 100:1 extract guarantees the purest and most concentrated dose commercially available. Dosage: 1 capsule 3 times a day (total: 1500 mg berberine\/day). Vegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBerberine: the plant alkaloid with an analogous mechanism of action to metformin via AMPK activation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with a unique chemical structure that gives it the ability to cross cell membranes and act directly on intracellular targets. The main mechanism of action of berberine is the activation of the enzyme AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), often referred to as the \"master switch of cellular metabolism\". AMPK is an energy sensor that, when activated, promotes glucose uptake by cells (via GLUT4 transporter translocation to the plasma membrane), inhibits hepatic glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) and hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides, and stimulates fatty acid oxidation. This AMPK activation mechanism is the same mechanism of action as metformin, the most widely prescribed oral antidiabetic drug worldwide, although berberine acts at distinct molecular sites. A clinical trial published in Metabolism (Yin et al., 2008) with 116 patients with type 2 diabetes documented that berberine (500 mg 3x\/day) was as effective as metformin in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose, over 3 months.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for blood glucose control: acting on multiple simultaneous pathways:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berberine exerts effects on glucose metabolism through multiple simultaneous and complementary mechanisms, making it more robust than compounds with a single mechanism. In addition to AMPK activation (which stimulates peripheral glucose uptake), berberine inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase (the enzyme that digests complex carbohydrates into absorbable glucose, delaying postprandial glucose absorption, similar to acarbose), inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4, increasing endogenous GLP-1 levels), and improves tissue sensitivity to insulin at the insulin receptor level. Recent meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials document that berberine consistently reduces HbA1c, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin levels in adults with pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReduction of LDL cholesterol via PCSK9 inhibition and activation of LDL receptors:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berberine has a distinct LDL cholesterol-lowering mechanism, complementary to that of Monacolin K (an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor). Berberine stabilizes LDL receptor mRNA in hepatocytes (increasing the expression of LDL receptors on the surface of liver cells, which take up more LDL from circulation) and inhibits PCSK9 (the protease that degrades LDL receptors after internalization, reducing their recycling to the cell surface). PCSK9 inhibition is the same mechanism of action as the latest and most effective monoclonal antibodies for familial hypercholesterolemia. Meta-analyses of clinical trials with berberine document reductions in LDL-cholesterol of 15 to 25% in adults with moderate dyslipidemia, accompanied by reductions in triglycerides and slight increases in HDL.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBerberis aristata: the source with the highest quality and safety profile of berberine:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN exclusively uses Berberis aristata as a source of berberine, the most studied species with the best quality and safety profile for supplementation. This species native to the Himalayas has a very favorable alkaloid profile, with a predominance of berberine (\u003e97% of total alkaloids) compared to other species of the genus Berberis or other sources of berberine (such as Coptis chinensis or Hydrastis canadensis) that contain additional alkaloids with less safety evidence. The use of two complementary extracts (bark and root), both standardized 100:1 to 97% berberine HCl, maximizes the purity and consistency of the berberine base content in each capsule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium Citrate for synergistic metabolic support:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Magnesium Citrate included in the formula is one of the most bioavailable forms of Magnesium. As recognized by the EFSA, Magnesium contributes to normal energy metabolism, normal muscle function, and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue. Magnesium is also an essential cofactor for enzymes in the oxidative phosphorylation chain and ATP synthesis, being fundamental for the efficiency of cellular energy metabolism that berberine aims to optimize. Studies document that magnesium deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, making magnesium a naturally synergistic complement to berberine in supporting carbohydrate metabolism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChromium Picolinate for supporting normal macronutrient metabolism and maintaining normal blood glucose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chromium (chromium picolinate, one of the most bioavailable forms) has EFSA-approved health claims specific to macronutrient metabolism and the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels: Chromium contributes to normal macronutrient metabolism and the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. Chromium enhances insulin receptor signaling, being especially relevant in contexts of insulin resistance where sensitivity to the insulin signal is compromised. The combination of berberine (AMPK activation, alpha-glucosidase inhibition) with Chromium (enhancement of insulin signaling) covers two complementary pathways for supporting blood glucose regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDose distribution in 3 daily intakes: a pharmacological strategy to maximize effectiveness:\u003c\/strong\u003e Berberine has a relatively short plasma half-life (~4 to 6 hours) and moderate oral bioavailability that is greatly improved when taken with meals (as the presence of food delays gastric emptying and increases contact time with intestinal absorption enzymes). The dose of 1500 mg\/day divided into 3 intakes of 500 mg (one with each main meal) is the dose and dosing regimen used in the vast majority of reference clinical trials with berberine, and it has shown the best clinical results. This division also ensures a more constant exposure of the body to berberine throughout the day, without the plasma peaks that can cause gastrointestinal discomfort (the main complaint associated with high single doses of berberine).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 3 times a day, preferably with main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Taking with meals reduces the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort and improves bioavailability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDuration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Effects on blood glucose and lipid profile are cumulative and typically visible in laboratory tests after 8 to 12 weeks of continuous use. For long-term maintenance effects, continuous use is the most documented model in clinical studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356874075,"sku":null,"price":32.64,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-BERBERINACOMPLEX.webp?v=1776804820"},{"product_id":"product_195bf0d2-687b-4c90-9b80-5fb046729bb9","title":"HSN - CHROMIUM PICOLINATE | 200caps \u0026 200mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Chromium Picolinate 200 mcg is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on chromium picolinate, the most bioavailable form of chromium available for oral supplementation. Each capsule provides 200 mcg of elemental Chromium (not from the total salt), which represents 500% of the European Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) for Chromium (40 mcg\/day). Chromium is an essential trace element that the body cannot synthesize endogenously, and it must be obtained exclusively through diet or supplementation. With EFSA-approved health claims for normal macronutrient metabolism and the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels, Chromium is especially relevant as a supplement for individuals with goals of glycemic control, weight management, and carbohydrate metabolism support. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, allergen-free. Available in 30, 120, and 240 capsules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChromium: essential mineral with EFSA-approved health claims for metabolism and glycemia:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chromium is an essential trace element classified as such by the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), with two approved and specific health claims: Chromium contributes to the normal metabolism of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and Chromium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. These two EFSA-approved claims distinguish Chromium from many other micronutrients for which health claims related to glycemia are still awaiting approval, making it one of the few minerals with a solid European regulatory basis for these specific functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChromium picolinate: the form with the highest documented oral bioavailability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chromium exists in different forms of supplementation (chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, yeast chromium, chromium picolinate), which differ significantly in their oral bioavailability. Chromium picolinate is formed by the conjugation of trivalent chromium (Cr3+) with picolinic acid, a natural tryptophan metabolite. Picolinic acid forms stable chelates with chromium that are more water-soluble and more resistant to hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal environment than simple inorganic forms. Comparative bioavailability studies document that chromium picolinate is absorbed much more efficiently than chromium chloride (the most common inorganic form), with absorption estimates 10 to 20 times higher in animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransparency in declaration: 200 mcg of elemental Chromium, not from the salt:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN highlights an important transparency aspect in the labeling of its Chromium Picolinate: the declared 200 mcg refers to pure elemental Chromium, not the total weight of the chromium picolinate salt. Many manufacturers on the market declare the total weight of the chromium picolinate salt (which includes picolinic acid as part of the molecule, without specific Chromium activity), which results in a real amount of elemental Chromium much lower than declared. For example, a product declaring \"200 mcg of chromium picolinate\" typically contains only ~32 mcg of elemental Chromium (since Chromium represents only ~16% of the molecular weight of chromium picolinate), much less than the declared 200 mcg. HSN transparently declares that each capsule contains 200 mcg of elemental Chromium (the biologically active part), ensuring that the user receives and can validly compare it with other products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRole of Chromium in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e The molecular mechanism by which Chromium supports normal glucose metabolism primarily involves its participation as a cofactor of chromium-binding oligopeptide (chromodulin or LMW-Cr), an endogenous molecule that potentiates intracellular signaling of the insulin receptor. When insulin binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it promotes the translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane and activates an intracellular phosphorylation cascade. Chromium (via chromodulin) amplifies these intracellular signaling cascades, increasing the efficiency of insulin-mediated glucose uptake. This function of potentiating insulin signaling is the mechanism by which Chromium contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for macronutrient metabolism for athletes and people on caloric restriction:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, Chromium has documented influence on protein and fat metabolism. Studies document that chromium picolinate supplementation can modestly increase fat oxidation and reduce protein catabolism in contexts of physical exercise and caloric restriction, which is the basis for its historical use as a body composition supplement in sports. Although the effects on body composition are modest compared to other supplements (such as creatine or protein), Chromium is often included in weight loss and glycemic control formulas as a broad-spectrum metabolic support component.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200 mcg dose: 500% of the European NRV, basis for most clinical studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e The dose of 200 mcg of elemental Chromium per capsule represents 500% of the European Nutrient Reference Value (40 mcg\/day), established as the dose for healthy adults that prevents deficiency. The supplementation dose typically used in reference clinical studies ranges from 200 to 1000 mcg\/day of elemental Chromium, with most studies using 200 to 400 mcg\/day. The 200 mcg per capsule dose allows the user to easily adjust the dose between 200 and 600 mcg\/day (1 to 3 capsules\/day) according to their specific needs, remaining within the documented safe doses (up to 1000 mcg\/day of chromium picolinate are considered safe by most regulatory authorities for use in supplementation).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule daily before physical activity or with the main meal. For specific support for post-prandial glycemic control, you can take 1 capsule with each of the 3 main meals (up to 3 capsules\/day = 600 mcg of elemental Chromium\/day), within the documented safe doses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming:\u003c\/strong\u003e Taking it with carbohydrate-containing meals maximizes the functional relevance of Chromium for supporting glucose metabolism, as Chromium potentiates the insulin response that occurs after carbohydrate intake.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356906843,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-PICOLINATODECROMIO_200mg.webp?v=1777501893"},{"product_id":"product_7172148f-cab3-488e-80ed-a83bd4ff90d1","title":"HSN - MAGNESIUM MALATE | 120caps \u0026 1000mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Magnesium Malate 1000 mg is a dietary supplement in tablets based on pure magnesium malate, a form of magnesium combined with malic acid that stands out for its dual contribution: elemental Magnesium for its multiple physiological functions (with over 8 EFSA-approved health claims) and malic acid for its participation as a substrate in the Krebs Cycle for mitochondrial ATP production. Each 1000 mg magnesium malate tablet provides 115.5 mg of elemental Magnesium. A daily dose of 3 tablets provides 3000 mg of magnesium malate = 346.5 mg of elemental Magnesium, covering most adults' daily magnesium needs. Vegetarian and vegan. Gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free. HSN maintains full transparency in declaring elemental Magnesium content (not the total salt weight), distinguishing itself from brands that only declare the salt's weight.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium Malate: the combination of magnesium with malic acid for mitochondrial energy and muscle support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium malate is an organic salt resulting from the combination of Magnesium ions (Mg2+) with malic acid (a 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid, also called malate in its ionic form). This combination is unique for simultaneously providing elemental Magnesium and bioavailable malic acid in a single molecule. Magnesium is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial ATPase and over 300 enzymes involved in energy metabolism, while malic acid is a central intermediary of the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), directly participating in the conversion of energy substrates (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) into NADH and FADH2, which fuel the mitochondrial respiratory chain for ATP production. The synergy between Magnesium (enzymatic cofactor) and malic acid (metabolic substrate) makes magnesium malate particularly relevant for supporting energy metabolism and reducing muscle fatigue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOver 8 EFSA-approved health claims for Magnesium:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium has one of the most extensive portfolios of EFSA-approved health claims of any supplemental mineral. Magnesium demonstrably contributes to: the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, electrolyte balance, normal energy metabolism, normal functioning of the nervous system, normal muscle function, normal protein synthesis, normal psychological function, maintenance of normal bones and normal teeth. This wide range of proven functions reflects Magnesium's central role as a cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions that cover virtually all physiological systems of the human body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRole of Magnesium in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function:\u003c\/strong\u003e ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary cellular energy currency, exists primarily as an intracellular Mg-ATP complex (magnesium-ATP). Magnesium is necessary for ATP stabilization and for the activity of all enzymes that use ATP as a substrate (ATPases), including Na+\/K+-ATPase (essential for maintaining cellular membrane potential) and myosin ATPase (essential for muscle contraction). Magnesium depletion directly compromises the efficiency of ATP production and utilization, clinically manifesting as fatigue, muscle cramps, and reduced physical performance. Magnesium malate supplementation restores intracellular Magnesium levels, restoring the functional capacity of these enzymes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMalic acid and specific support for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium malate has a specific and unique clinical evidence base (not shared by other forms of magnesium) for support in conditions of chronic muscle fatigue, especially fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic diffuse muscle pain and fatigue, with studies documenting magnesium and malic acid deficiencies in affected muscle fibers. A clinical study published in the Journal of Nutritional Medicine (Russell et al., 1995) with 15 fibromyalgia patients documented that magnesium malate supplementation (300 to 600 mg of Magnesium + 1200 to 2400 mg of malic acid\/day) significantly reduced pain and tenderness scores after 8 weeks, with regression of effects after cessation. This specific result of magnesium malate (not replicated by other forms of magnesium in comparative studies) is attributed to the synergistic contribution of malic acid to mitochondrial function in muscle cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for the nervous system and psychological function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium plays a fundamental role in regulating neurotransmission in the central nervous system, acting as a natural antagonist of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, which are the main glutamate receptors in the CNS. In conditions of magnesium deficiency, NMDA receptors become hyperactive (as Magnesium physically blocks the NMDA ion channel at rest), contributing to anxiety, irritability, and hypersensitivity to stress. Magnesium supplementation restores the physiological blockade of NMDA, contributing to normal psychological function and the reduction of tiredness and mental fatigue as recognized by EFSA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for muscle function, cramp prevention, and sports recovery:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium is essential for muscle relaxation after contraction, as it functions as a physiological antagonist of calcium (which triggers muscle contraction). The intracellular Mg\/Ca imbalance, which occurs due to both magnesium depletion and metabolic acidosis (exacerbated by intense exercise), is the primary mechanism of muscle cramps. Magnesium malate supplementation restores the Mg\/Ca balance and, through malic acid, supports the elimination of lactate accumulated in muscle fibers during high-intensity exercise (malic acid is an intermediate that can capture pyruvate groups in the glucoplastic pathway, facilitating the exit of lactate from muscle fibers).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransparency in labeling: 346.5 mg of elemental Magnesium from 3000 mg of magnesium malate:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN maintains a policy of full transparency in declaring elemental Magnesium content, precisely calculated from the molecular composition of magnesium malate. Magnesium malate contains 11.55% elemental Magnesium by salt weight (calculated from the atomic masses of Mg=24.3 and the magnesium malate molecule), which represents 115.5 mg of elemental Magnesium per 1000 mg magnesium malate tablet, and 346.5 mg of elemental Magnesium in the daily dose of 3 tablets (3000 mg of magnesium malate). This transparency allows the user to correctly compare the actual Magnesium content with other products on the market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 tablet 3 times a day with meals (total: 3000 mg of magnesium malate\/day = 346.5 mg of elemental Magnesium\/day). Taking with meals improves gastrointestinal tolerance and magnesium absorption, as the presence of food stimulates gastric acid secretion, which facilitates the solubilization of the magnesium salt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming for athletes:\u003c\/strong\u003e For recovery support and cramp prevention, take 1 tablet after training and 1 tablet at bedtime, in addition to the morning meal.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705356939611,"sku":null,"price":18.09,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-MALATODEMAGNESIO_1mg.webp?v=1777501018"},{"product_id":"product_5b6e031d-4687-4c2d-8fd6-7814157011df","title":"HSN - ZINC BISGLYCINATE | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eZinc Bisglycinate 25 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules based on chelated zinc bisglycinate, the most orally bioavailable form of Zinc available for supplementation, enriched with Cupric Gluconate (1 mg of elemental Copper = 100% of the European NRV). Zinc is an essential trace element with over 10 EFSA-approved health claims, acting as a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and more than 1000 transcription factors in the human body. The inclusion of Copper in the formula is a decision based on scientific evidence: chronic supplementation with high doses of Zinc can induce Copper depletion through competitive mechanisms of intestinal absorption, making co-supplementation with Copper relevant to maintain Zn\/Cu balance. Each capsule provides 25 mg of elemental Zinc (250% of the European NRV of 10 mg) and 1 mg of elemental Copper (100% of the European NRV of 1 mg). 1 capsule per day. Vegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free. Available in 30, 120, and 240 capsules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChelated zinc bisglycinate: the form with the highest bioavailability and best gastrointestinal tolerance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc bisglycinate is a chelate formed by the binding of a Zinc ion (Zn2+) to two molecules of the amino acid glycine. This chelation gives Zinc pharmacokinetic properties far superior to simple inorganic forms: zinc bisglycinate is more soluble in the intestinal environment, more resistant to the formation of insoluble chelates with phytates and fibers (which dramatically reduce the absorption of inorganic zinc), and is absorbed through amino acid transporters in the intestinal epithelium that are different and independent of inorganic zinc transporters, avoiding competitive saturation. Comparative bioavailability studies document that zinc bisglycinate has 30 to 40% higher absorption than zinc sulfate (the reference form in clinical studies) and causes significantly less gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, gastric irritation) than inorganic forms. Zinc bisglycinate provides ~30% elemental Zinc by salt weight, one of the highest mineral densities available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOver 10 EFSA-approved health claims for Zinc: a universal cofactor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc has the highest number of EFSA-approved health claims of any trace element, covering virtually all physiological systems. Zinc is proven to contribute to: the protection of cells from oxidative damage, normal cognitive function, normal functioning of the immune system, maintenance of normal vision, maintenance of normal skin, maintenance of normal hair, maintenance of normal nails, normal DNA synthesis, normal fatty acid metabolism, normal macronutrient metabolism, normal protein synthesis, normal vitamin A metabolism, maintenance of normal bones, maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood, normal male reproductive function, and normal bone development in children. This breadth reflects Zinc's role as a cofactor for over 300 metalloproteins (enzymes that require Zinc for their catalytic activity) and over 1000 transcription factors that regulate gene expression in virtually all cell types in the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune support: Zinc in the first and second lines of immune defense:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is essential for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes (especially T-helper and cytotoxic T cells, central immune cells of adaptive immunity), for antibody production by B lymphocytes, and for the cytotoxic activity of NK cells (Natural Killer cells, innate immunity cells). Zinc depletion causes thymic atrophy (the organ where T lymphocytes mature), a sharp drop in thymulin levels (a thymic hormone that regulates zinc-dependent T lymphocyte maturation), and marked immune suppression that includes recurrent bacterial and viral infections. Intervention studies with Zinc supplementation in the elderly (where Zinc deficiency is prevalent) document a reduction in the incidence and duration of respiratory infections and an improvement in cellular immunity markers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntioxidant protection via zinc-copper superoxide dismutase (Cu\/Zn-SOD):\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc, together with Copper, is an essential cofactor of the cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase enzyme (Cu\/Zn-SOD), one of the most important enzymatic antioxidants in the body, responsible for the dismutation of the superoxide radical (O2•⁻) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is subsequently eliminated by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The activity of Cu\/Zn-SOD depends on the simultaneous availability of Zinc and Copper at their active sites, making co-supplementation of both minerals (as in this formula) especially relevant for maintaining enzymatic antioxidant activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSkin, hair and nail support: Zinc in keratinized structures:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is selectively concentrated in tissues with high cell proliferation, including the skin (especially the epidermis and sebaceous glands), hair follicles, and nail matrix cells. At the molecular level, Zinc is a cofactor for RNA polymerase and multiple transcription factors that regulate the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes (the predominant cells of the epidermis and skin appendages). Clinical studies document that Zinc deficiency causes dermatitis, alopecia (hair loss), and leukonychia (white spots on nails), all reversible with Zinc supplementation. The dosage of 25 mg\/day is the dose typically used in clinical studies supporting dermatological health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTestosterone and male reproductive health support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc has a documented role in the synthesis and metabolism of androgens. 5-alpha-reductase (the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone) is a zinc-dependent metalloprotein. Additionally, Zinc inhibits aromatase (the enzyme that converts testosterone to estradiol), reducing the peripheral conversion of testosterone to estrogens. Clinical studies, including that by Prasad et al. (1996) published in the journal Nutrition, document that Zinc supplementation in men with Zinc deficiency increases serum testosterone levels and improves sperm count and motility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclusion of Copper (cupric gluconate, 1 mg = 100% NRV): prevention of zinc-induced copper depletion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc and Copper compete for the same intestinal divalent metal transporter (DMT1, Divalent Metal Transporter 1), and chronic supplementation with high doses of Zinc (typically above 50 mg\/day for prolonged periods) can induce Copper depletion by saturating DMT1 and reducing intestinal Copper absorption. Given that Copper is equally essential for numerous physiological functions (collagen synthesis, neurological function, hematopoiesis, Cu\/Zn-SOD activity), Copper depletion is clinically relevant and can cause anemia and neuropathy. HSN includes 1 mg of Copper (= 100% of the European NRV of 1 mg) in the Zinc Bisglycinate formula, ensuring coverage of Copper needs and preventing depletion associated with Zinc use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule per day. For best absorption, preferably take on an empty stomach or between meals, as foods rich in phytates (whole grains, legumes) reduce Zinc absorption. In case of gastric sensitivity, take with a light meal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming:\u003c\/strong\u003e Many users prefer to take Zinc at night before bed, as Zinc is naturally released by the body during sleep and nighttime supplementation maximizes availability during the period of recovery and tissue repair that occurs during deep sleep.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357103451,"sku":null,"price":11.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/1_522fa7b8-bb82-4466-96e4-d55b902ab5bf.png?v=1780699199"},{"product_id":"product_e8309c33-e731-463a-a525-9b20532a981b","title":"HSN - ZINC PICOLINATE | 120 caps (25mg zinc)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Zinc Picolinate 25 mg is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on zinc picolinate, one of the forms of Zinc with the highest documented oral bioavailability in comparative studies, combined with chelated Copper Bisglycinate (1 mg elemental Copper). Zinc picolinate is formed by the conjugation of a Zinc ion (Zn2+) with two molecules of picolinic acid (an endogenous tryptophan metabolite with a natural role in mineral chelation in the body) in an approximate ratio of 21% Zinc\/79% picolinate by weight. The reference study by Barrie et al. (1987) documented that zinc picolinate has superior absorption to zinc acetate and zinc citrate in healthy volunteers, establishing picolinate as one of the preferred forms for Zinc supplementation. The formulation is Clean Label, without aesthetic additives or colorants. 1 capsule every other day. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc picolinate: highly bioavailable form with picolinic acid as an endogenous natural chelator:\u003c\/strong\u003e Picolinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the tryptophan degradation pathway (kynurenine pathway), naturally produced by the body and secreted by the pancreas to facilitate intestinal absorption of minerals such as Zinc, Manganese and Chromium. The physiological endogenous role of picolinic acid as a chelator of minerals in the intestine is the basis for the rationale of zinc picolinate as a form of supplementation: by supplying Zinc already conjugated with its natural chelator, the salt's resistance to negative interactions with phytates, oxalates and other antinutrients present in foods that reduce the absorption of inorganic forms of Zinc is maximized. The comparative study by Barrie et al. (1987), published in Agents and Actions, documented that zinc picolinate raised Zinc levels in hair, erythrocytes and leukocytes significantly more than zinc acetate or zinc citrate at the same dose, being considered the foundational study for the use of zinc picolinate as a highly bioavailable supplement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc: more than 10 EFSA-approved health claims covering all major physiological systems:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is the trace element with the highest number of EFSA-approved health claims for any supplemental mineral. It acts as a cofactor for over 300 metalloproteins and over 1000 transcription factors that regulate gene expression in virtually all cell types. Approved EFSA health claims include contributions to: the protection of cells from oxidative damage, normal cognitive function, normal functioning of the immune system (both innate and adaptive immunity), maintenance of normal vision, maintenance of normal skin, maintenance of normal hair, maintenance of normal nails, normal DNA synthesis, normal fatty acid metabolism, normal macronutrient metabolism, normal protein synthesis, normal vitamin A metabolism, maintenance of normal bones, maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood, and normal male reproductive function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune and antioxidant support: Zinc in the first and second lines of defense:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is essential for the development and maturation of T and B lymphocytes (adaptive immunity), for the activity of NK cells (innate immunity) and for antibody production. Thymulin, the thymic hormone that regulates T lymphocyte maturation, is a metalloprotein strictly dependent on Zinc for its biological activity. At the antioxidant level, Zinc is a cofactor of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu\/Zn-SOD), one of the body's main enzymatic antioxidants, responsible for neutralizing the superoxide radical (O2•⁻).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for skin, hair and nails:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is a cofactor for multiple transcription factors of the zinc finger protein family that regulate the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermis, hair follicles, and nail matrix cells. Zinc deficiency causes dermatitis, alopecia, and nail changes that are reversible with supplementation. Zinc picolinate, due to its superior bioavailability, ensures more efficient replenishment of Zinc levels in keratinized tissues with high cell turnover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for testosterone and male reproductive health:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is a cofactor of 5-alpha-reductase (conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone) and inhibits aromatase (conversion of testosterone to estradiol), contributing to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels as recognized by EFSA. The study by Prasad et al. (1996) documented that men with Zinc deficiency who received Zinc supplementation for 6 months showed a significant increase in serum testosterone levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChelated Copper Bisglycinate: synergistic protection and Zn\/Cu balance:\u003c\/strong\u003e The inclusion of chelated Copper Bisglycinate (1 mg = 100% of the European NRV) is a decision based on scientific evidence regarding Zinc-Copper competition for the same intestinal transporter DMT1. Prolonged Zinc supplementation can induce Copper depletion, with clinical consequences including anemia, neuropathy, and decreased Cu\/Zn-SOD activity. Copper Bisglycinate is one of the most bioavailable chelated forms of Copper with less gastrointestinal irritation. Its inclusion in the formula ensures physiological Zn\/Cu balance and simultaneously covers daily Copper needs without requiring additional separate supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFull transparency in labeling: 25 mg of elemental Zinc accurately declared:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN declares with full transparency that each capsule provides 25 mg of elemental Zinc (and not the total weight of the zinc picolinate salt, which would be approximately 116 mg). This distinction is important given that zinc picolinate contains only ~21.5% Zinc by weight of the salt, and less transparent brands may declare the total weight of the salt (creating the false impression of higher doses). The elemental Copper content is also explicitly declared (1 mg = 100% of the NRV).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule every other day. This less frequent intake (compared to the daily dose of some forms of Zinc) is an appropriate safety choice given that 25 mg of elemental Zinc corresponds to the upper limit of the European NRV, and the high bioavailability of zinc picolinate ensures effective accumulation in tissues even with intake every other day.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357136219,"sku":null,"price":11.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-PICOLINATODEZINCO_25mgZINCO.webp?v=1777502022"},{"product_id":"product_70efa8db-5f89-421b-bc65-caa1bce90210","title":"HSN - ZINC GLUCONATE | 120 caps (25mg zinc)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Zinc Gluconate 25 mg is a food supplement in plant-based tablets based on zinc gluconate, the zinc salt with the longest history of clinical use and the most extensive base of reference studies. Zinc gluconate is formed by the conjugation of zinc with gluconic acid (a carboxylic acid derived from glucose), resulting in a salt with good chemical stability, excellent gastrointestinal tolerance, and well-documented bioavailability in clinical trials. Each tablet provides 25 mg of elemental zinc (250% of the European NRV of 10 mg). Take 1 tablet daily with a meal. Clean label formula with the minimum necessary excipients. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, allergen-free. Available in 120 and 365 tablets (4-month and 12-month supply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc gluconate: the clinical reference form with the longest history of studies and use in supplementation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc gluconate is historically the most widely used form of zinc in clinical trials and has the longest tradition in oral supplementation, especially in seminal studies on the role of zinc in immunity and in reducing the duration of common colds (studies with zinc gluconate lozenges). It is formed by the conjugation of zinc (Zn2+) with gluconic acid, with a proportion of ~14% elemental zinc by weight of the salt. Its long tradition of clinical use, consistent data on safety and gastrointestinal tolerance, and excellent chemical stability during storage have established zinc gluconate as the reference form against which newer forms of zinc (citrate, bisglycinate, picolinate) are typically compared in bioavailability studies. The study by Wegmüller et al. (2014) published in the Journal of Nutrition documented that zinc citrate and zinc gluconate have comparable bioavailability and are significantly superior to zinc oxide. The meta-analysis by Hemilä (2017) published in JRSM Open compared zinc acetate and zinc gluconate in lozenges for the common cold, documenting that both forms reduced the duration of colds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore than 10 EFSA-approved health claims for Zinc:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is the trace element with the highest number of EFSA-approved health claims for any mineral supplement. Zinc is proven to contribute to: the protection of cells from oxidative damage, normal cognitive function, the normal functioning of the immune system, the maintenance of normal vision, the maintenance of normal skin, the maintenance of normal hair, the maintenance of normal nails, normal DNA synthesis, normal fatty acid metabolism, normal macronutrient metabolism, normal protein synthesis, normal vitamin A metabolism, the maintenance of normal bones, the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood, normal male reproductive function, and normal bone development in children. This breadth reflects the central role of zinc as a cofactor for over 300 metalloproteins and over 1000 transcription factors that regulate gene expression in virtually all cell types of the human body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmune support: role of Zinc in innate and adaptive immunity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is essential for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus (thymulin, a thymic hormone regulating T lymphocyte maturation, is a metalloprotein with zinc in its active site), for antibody production by B lymphocytes, and for the cytotoxic activity of NK (Natural Killer) cells. Zinc deficiency causes thymic atrophy, marked suppression of cellular immunity, and increased susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. In the context of supporting the immune system against respiratory infections (flu, colds), studies with zinc gluconate lozenges documented reductions in the duration of colds by 28 to 40% compared to placebo when initiated within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for the male reproductive system and testosterone:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is a cofactor for 5-alpha-reductase (conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone) and inhibits aromatase (conversion of testosterone to estradiol). Both mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels, as recognized by the approved EFSA health claim. Zinc is also essential for spermatogenesis: it selectively concentrates in the testes and seminal fluid, where it participates in sperm maturation and the protection of sperm DNA from oxidative damage. Zinc-deficient men often present with oligospermia reversible with supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntioxidant cell protection via Cu\/Zn-SOD and metallothioneins:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zinc is a cofactor for cytoplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu\/Zn-SOD), one of the body's main enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, zinc induces the synthesis of metallothioneins (cysteine-rich proteins that chelate heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and lead, protecting cells from heavy metal toxicity) and stabilizes cell membranes against lipid peroxidation mediated by free radicals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTablet format: maximum convenience and economy for long-term use:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's zinc gluconate is available in tablet format (not capsule), which allows for a more compact and economical presentation. Zinc gluconate tablets are very small (thanks to the high density of the salt), are easy to swallow, and have no perceptible taste (unlike some powdered forms of zinc). The 365-tablet supply represents a full year of supplementation in a single bottle, making it one of the most economical options for quality zinc supplementation on the Portuguese market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 tablet daily with a meal. Taking it with a meal improves gastrointestinal tolerance and can slightly improve the absorption of zinc gluconate compared to taking it on an empty stomach, as the presence of protein-rich foods stimulates gastric acid secretion, which facilitates the dissolution of the salt.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357201755,"sku":null,"price":7.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-GLUCONATODEZINCO_25mgZINCO.webp?v=1777499977"},{"product_id":"product_bcf43252-40af-46d9-8a0a-e0eb81a7393d","title":"HSN - PEA PROTEIN ISOLATE 2.0","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Isolated Pea Protein 2.0 is a powdered food preparation based on 100% plant-derived pea protein isolate (Pisum sativum), with up to 84g of protein per 100g of product and a complete amino acid profile that includes all essential and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). It is produced from selected yellow and green peas with an exceptionally high protein content (20 to 25%), processed by isolation to concentrate the protein fraction until it reaches isolate purity. HSN conducts protein content and amino acid profile analyses by an independent ENAC\/DANAK certified laboratory, ensuring the veracity declared on the label. Available in over 10 flavors (Chocolate, Chocolate and Hazelnut, Strawberry, Vanilla, Speculoos, Salted Caramel, Coffee Frappé, Tropical Mango, Apple Strudel, and others) and in a natural unflavored version. Lactose-free, gluten-free, soy-free, GMO-free. Suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e84g of protein per 100g: high protein concentration isolate comparable to whey:\u003c\/strong\u003e The isolation process of pea protein separates the protein fraction from the plant matrix (fiber, starch, lipids), concentrating the protein to ~84% by weight of the final product. This concentration is comparable to that of a whey protein concentrate (70-80%) and slightly lower than a whey isolate (90%), but much higher than whole peas (~25% protein). Each 30g serving provides approximately 25g of high biological value protein. HSN's declaration is verified by independent ENAC\/DANAK certified laboratory analysis, ensuring that the declared protein content matches the actual product content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplete amino acid profile, with all essential and relevant BCAAs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pea protein has an amino acid profile that includes all 9 essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine) and all conditionally essential amino acids. The amino acids most relevant for muscle synthesis are present in significant amounts: Leucine (the most important amino acid for activating the mTOR pathway for muscle protein synthesis) is present in ~7% of the amino acid profile, Lysine (~6%), Arginine (~7%), and total BCAAs account for ~17-18% of the profile. The only limiting amino acid in pea protein compared to whey is Methionine (present in lower concentration), which can be supplemented by combining it with Brown Rice (concentrated brown rice protein), whose profile precisely complements pea's relative methionine deficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBabault et al. (2015) study: pea protein comparable to whey for muscle hypertrophy:\u003c\/strong\u003e The randomized double-blind clinical trial by Babault et al. (2015), published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, is the reference study for pea protein. With 161 young men undergoing resistance training for 12 weeks, the study documented that supplementation with pea protein (25g\/day) produced biceps thickness gains (assessed by ultrasound) statistically comparable to the whey group and significantly superior to placebo, establishing that isolated pea protein is a high-quality plant protein source for supporting muscle hypertrophy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% plant-based: lactose-free, gluten-free, soy-free, GMO-free:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pea protein is one of the most suitable plant proteins for people with multiple food intolerances. Unlike soy protein (which can be allergenic and is often GMO), wheat protein (with gluten), and dairy proteins (with lactose and casein), pea protein is free from all these common allergens. It is naturally lactose-free and gluten-free, and HSN's raw material is produced without the use of genetically modified organisms. This combination makes it the protein of choice for vegans, vegetarians, lactose-intolerant individuals, coeliacs, and people with cow's milk protein allergy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh digestibility and superior gastrointestinal tolerance to whole legume proteins:\u003c\/strong\u003e The digestibility of isolated pea protein is much higher than that of whole peas, given that the isolation process removes most of the fiber and antinutrients (phytates, protease inhibitors, lectins, saponins) present in the whole legume that reduce digestibility and cause gastrointestinal discomfort. The PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score) of isolated pea protein is close to 0.89 to 0.98 (0 to 1 scale), comparable to whole egg (1.0) and superior to isolated soy (0.92 to 0.99), making it one of the most digestible and biologically valuable plant proteins available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCulinary versatility: use in shakes, but also in recipes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Isolated pea protein has rheological properties (texture, behavior in water) that make it more versatile than whey for culinary use. It has good heat stability (it does not denature as easily as whey), which allows it to be incorporated into baking recipes (bread, pizza dough, pancakes, muffins, crepes) without significant loss of nutritional value. The Natural (unflavored) version is especially suitable for culinary use as it does not add unwanted flavors to preparations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 1 scoop of 70 ml (approximately 30 g) in 150-250 ml of water, skimmed milk, or plant-based drink. Adjust the liquid volume according to the desired creaminess and texture. The protein can be consumed at any time of the day, being especially convenient as a protein-rich intermediate meal, or during the peri-workout period (before or after exercise).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombination with rice protein:\u003c\/strong\u003e For a complete aminogram with an amino acid profile comparable to animal protein, combine pea protein with brown rice protein in an approximate 50:50 ratio, compensating for the lower methionine concentration in pea with the higher methionine concentration in rice.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357267291,"sku":null,"price":2.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-PROTEINADEERVILHAISOLADA2.0.webp?v=1777502328"},{"product_id":"product_33bfadcb-016e-4b17-9b26-3b0936e48e9d","title":"HSN - LIVER CARE","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Liver Care is an exclusive broad-spectrum formula developed by HSN's R\u0026amp;D team specifically for liver health support, combining 11 active compounds in vegetable capsules: four highly concentrated and standardized plant extracts (Milk Thistle, Turmeric, Artichoke, BioPerine® Black Pepper), the plant-derived glutathione precursor NAC, Choline bitartrate, Coenzyme Q10, natural Vitamin E, Zinc Citrate, chelated Copper Bisglycinate and L-Selenomethionine. All plant extracts are standardized to their most nutritionally relevant bioactive compounds (80% silymarin, 95% curcuminoids, 2.5% cynarin, 98.5% piperine). BioPerine®, patented by Sabinsa Corporation, is specifically included to maximize the oral bioavailability of the other compounds in the formula. Dosage: 1 capsule 3 times per day with a meal (total: 3 capsules\/day). 120 capsules (40-day supply at full dose). Vegan, non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMilk Thistle (25:1, 80% silymarin): the plant hepatoprotector with the greatest clinical evidence base:\u003c\/strong\u003e Milk thistle extract (Silybum marianum) standardized to 80% silymarin is the ingredient with the longest history of clinical use and evidence base for liver health support in the world's phytotherapy catalogue. Silymarin is a mixture of flavonolignans (silybin, isosilybin, silicristin, silydianin) with multiple hepatoprotective mechanisms of action: inhibition of lipid peroxidation of hepatocyte membranes, stimulation of hepatic protein synthesis via RNA polymerase I (accelerating hepatocyte regeneration), inhibition of toxin entry into hepatocytes by competition with membrane transporters, and anti-inflammatory properties via inhibition of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). The meta-analysis by Gillessen and Schmidt (2020) published in Advances in Therapy compiled clinical studies with silymarin in multiple liver pathologies (chronic hepatitis, NASH, alcoholic cirrhosis, drug toxicity), documenting consistent improvements in markers of liver injury (ALT, AST, GGT) and liver histology in multiple controlled clinical trials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTurmeric (50:1, 95% curcuminoids): broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and hepatic antioxidant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Turmeric extract standardized to 95% curcuminoids is one of the natural compounds with the highest documented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency, with mechanisms of action that include inhibition of NF-κB (the main transcriptional regulator of the inflammatory response), COX-2 and LOX-5 (the key enzymes in the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes), and activation of Nrf2 (the main antioxidant transcription factor that induces the synthesis of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and other endogenous antioxidant defenses). The systematic review by Farzaei et al. (2018) published in Nutrients documented the molecular mechanisms by which curcuminoids exert hepatoprotective effects in multiple experimental models and clinical studies, including support in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The 50:1 ratio ensures a curcuminoid concentration 50 times higher than that of native turmeric root.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant-derived NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine): glutathione precursor and protection against hepatotoxicity:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAC is the most effective oral glutathione precursor (the body's main intracellular antioxidant, produced from cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid), given that glutathione has very limited intestinal absorption when administered directly. NAC is converted by the body into cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, restoring hepatic glutathione levels that are often depleted in conditions of oxidative stress, liver disease, and exposure to hepatotoxins. The mechanism of NAC's hepatoprotection is so well established that it is the reference medical antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning, which causes liver failure by depletion of hepatic glutathione. The study by Khoshbaten et al. (2010) published in Hepatitis Monthly documented improvement in liver function markers (ALT, AST) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treated with NAC. HSN uses NAC produced by plant fermentation, making it suitable for vegan diets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtichoke Extract (20:1, 2.5% cynarin): support for bile function and hepatic lipid metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) standardized to 2.5% cynarin (the main bioactive compound) has cholagogic and choleretic properties (stimulates the production and flow of bile from the liver and gallbladder), which are especially relevant for hepatic lipid metabolism: bile is essential for the emulsification and intestinal absorption of fats, and its insufficient production contributes to the accumulation of hepatic fat (steatosis). The randomized clinical trial by Panahi et al. (2018) published in Phytotherapy Research documented the efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in patients with NAFLD, with significant reductions in markers of liver injury and improvement in ultrasound parameters of steatosis after 2 months of supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCholine bitartrate: essential nutrient for hepatic lipid metabolism and approved EFSA claim:\u003c\/strong\u003e Choline has approved EFSA health claims specifically relevant to the context of this formula: choline contributes to the maintenance of normal liver function and to normal lipid metabolism. Choline is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (the main phospholipid of hepatocyte membranes) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein), the lipoprotein responsible for the export of lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues. Choline deficiency causes severe hepatic steatosis due to the liver's inability to export accumulated triglycerides, making it a key nutrient in the context of Liver Care.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoQ10, Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium and Copper: multimodal antioxidant protection of liver tissue:\u003c\/strong\u003e Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol, the reduced form) is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of hepatocytes and a potent lipid-soluble membrane antioxidant. Natural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate, the natural form with higher bioavailability) is the main lipid-soluble antioxidant of cell membranes, inhibiting lipid peroxidation of hepatocyte membranes. Zinc (zinc citrate), Selenium (L-selenomethionine) and Copper (chelated bisglycinate) are essential cofactors of the main antioxidant metalloproteins in the body: Cu\/Zn-SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase, which uses Selenium in its active site) and ceruloplasmin (copper-dependent). The synergistic combination of these enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants covers multiple pathways of oxidative protection of liver tissue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBioPerine® (piperine 98.5%, 50:1): bioavailability enhancer for all compounds in the formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e Piperine (BioPerine® from Sabinsa Corporation) is an inhibitor of phase I (CYP3A4, CYP1A2) and phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation) metabolizing enzymes that are responsible for the hepatic and intestinal first-pass effect of many natural compounds. By inhibiting these biotransformation enzymes, BioPerine® increases the oral bioavailability of curcuminoids (2000% increases documented in pharmacokinetic studies), silymarin, and other phytochemicals in the formula. This bioavailability enhancer property is especially critical for curcuminoids, which have extremely low intrinsic oral bioavailability in the absence of enhancers such as piperine or phospholipidation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 3 times per day with meals (total: 3 capsules\/day). Taking it with a meal improves the bioavailability of fat-soluble compounds (curcuminoids, silymarin, vitamin E, CoQ10) as the presence of dietary fat stimulates bile secretion, which facilitates the absorption of these compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulations with highest relevance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Athletes using pre-workout or anabolic supplements that increase liver load, people who consume alcohol regularly, people taking hepatotoxic medication (statins, paracetamol, anti-inflammatories), people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic syndrome, and people with elevated liver injury markers (increased ALT, AST, GGT in laboratory tests).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357332827,"sku":null,"price":31.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-LIVERCARE_SAUDEHEPATICA.webp?v=1777500833"},{"product_id":"product_b4e3c373-ac6b-4574-8127-d293e8a83d7d","title":"HSN - MELATONIN | 120caps (1.9mg)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Melatonin 1.9 mg is a food supplement in immediate-release vegetable tablets based on pure melatonin, at the highest concentration permitted by European regulations for food supplements (European regulations limit melatonin in food supplements to less than 2 mg per daily dose). Each tablet provides 1.9 mg of pure melatonin, at the dose that EFSA recognises as effective for reducing the time it takes to fall asleep (≥1 mg\/day) and for alleviating the subjective feeling of jet lag (≥0.5 mg\/day). The formula adopts an extreme clean label approach: the only excipient used is microcrystalline cellulose (necessary to compress the tablet), with no colourings, no flavourings, no glazing agents, and no aesthetic additives whatsoever. Take 1 tablet 30 minutes before bedtime. Vegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free. Available in 30, 60, 120, and 240 tablets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelatonin: the neurohormone of the circadian cycle with approved EFSA health claims:\u003c\/strong\u003e Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous neurohormone produced by the pineal gland (epiphysis), in the brain, from serotonin through a two-step enzymatic process (N-acetylation by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, followed by methylation by hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase). Its production is regulated by the light\/dark cycle perceived by retinal photoreceptors and transmitted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (the body's central \"biological clock\"). Under normal conditions, melatonin production increases exponentially at dusk, peaks between 2 and 4 am, and gradually decreases until dawn. This circadian pattern of secretion is the main hormonal signal that synchronises internal biological rhythms with the environmental day\/night cycle. EFSA has approved two health claims for melatonin: melatonin contributes to reducing the time it takes to fall asleep (effect obtained with an intake of 1 mg, taken close to bedtime) and melatonin helps alleviate the subjective feeling of jet lag (effect obtained with a minimum intake of 0.5 mg, taken close to bedtime on the first day of travel and on subsequent days after arrival at the destination).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCircadian disruption in modern lifestyles: why endogenous melatonin is often insufficient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contemporary lifestyles are marked by multiple factors that suppress or disrupt endogenous melatonin production: nocturnal exposure to blue light from screens (mobile phones, computers, televisions) directly inhibits melatonin production by stimulating retinal photoreceptors as if it were sunlight; irregular sleep schedules (shift work, night shifts, frequent travel); caffeine consumption (which blocks adenosine receptors that promote sleep and delays nocturnal melatonin production); and ageing (melatonin production progressively decreases with age, often being significantly reduced in adults over 50 to 60 years old). In all these contexts, exogenous melatonin supplementation can compensate for endogenous insufficiency and restore the quality of the circadian signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmediate release: the most studied and direct-acting format to induce sleep:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immediate-release melatonin has an absorption and release curve that replicates the pattern of a rapid increase in endogenous melatonin at dusk, making it particularly effective for the purpose of reducing the time it takes to fall asleep. After oral administration, immediate-release melatonin reaches peak plasma levels in 20 to 30 minutes and is biologically relevant (at concentrations that activate MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland) for 1 to 3 hours after intake. This pharmacokinetic profile is well compatible with taking it 30 minutes before the intended bedtime. Immediate-release melatonin is also the form of melatonin most commonly used in reference clinical trials, with the meta-analysis by Li et al. (2019) published in Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (9 studies, 1,683 participants) documenting a significant reduction in sleep onset latency, an increase in total sleep duration, and an improvement in subjective sleep quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.9 mg: the maximum permitted dose for food supplements, documented as effective:\u003c\/strong\u003e European regulations state that melatonin-based food supplements should not contain more than 2 mg of melatonin per daily dose. HSN has formulated its product at a dose of 1.9 mg, which is immediately below this regulatory limit, ensuring the user the maximum concentration available in this product category without exceeding the safety limits established by European regulatory authorities. This dose is substantially higher than the minimum effective dose (1 mg) for reducing the time it takes to fall asleep recognised by EFSA, and much higher than the minimum effective dose (0.5 mg) for alleviating jet lag.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtreme clean label: microcrystalline cellulose as the sole excipient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Most melatonin supplements available on the market contain multiple unnecessary additives: coloured glazing agents, dyes to opacify capsules, artificial flavourings, various types of anti-caking agents, and often combinations of vitamins (B6, B12) which, while not harmful, are not necessary for melatonin's efficacy and unnecessarily lengthen the ingredient list. HSN's product contains only melatonin + microcrystalline cellulose, nothing else. This simplicity guarantees complete transparency and eliminates any possible interaction with other unnecessary compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism of action: activation of MT1 and MT2 receptors in the central nervous system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Melatonin exerts its effects on sleep and circadian rhythms primarily through the activation of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 (Gi protein-coupled receptors), which are highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the central biological clock) and the pineal gland. Activation of MT1 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus inhibits neuronal activity, reducing wakefulness and promoting sleep onset. Activation of MT2 receptors regulates circadian timing (the phase angle of the circadian rhythm), which is the mechanism by which melatonin adjusts the biological clock to new time zones (anti-jet lag). Melatonin is not a sedative in the conventional pharmacological sense (it does not act on GABA receptors like benzodiazepines), but rather a hormonal regulator of the circadian rhythm that prepares the body for sleep in a physiological way.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented safety and absence of dependence or tolerance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike sleep-inducing drugs (benzodiazepines, z-drugs like zolpidem), melatonin does not cause physical dependence, does not induce tolerance with continuous use, has no residual sedative effect the next morning (at a dose of 1.9 mg), and does not interfere with the physiological architecture of sleep (it does not suppress REM sleep). It is one of the supplements with the highest documented safety profile for long-term daily use, including in elderly populations, and does not require withdrawal periods when use is discontinued.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 tablet per day, 30 minutes before bedtime. For jet lag, take 1 tablet close to bedtime on the first day of travel and on subsequent days after arrival at the destination, at local bedtime.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357365595,"sku":null,"price":10.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-MELATONINA1_9mg.webp?v=1777501144"},{"product_id":"product_50555e2e-dcbe-4722-8ae8-63974b64bb2c","title":"HSN - CHEWABLE MELATONIN | 1.9mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Melotime™ Chewable Melatonin 1.9 mg is a food supplement in strawberry and caramel cream flavoured chewable tablets, based on biphasic sequential release melatonin (Melotime™ technology patented by Inventia Healthcare Ltd.), enriched with Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin). It combines the convenience of a chewable format (no water needed, ideal for taking in bed or while travelling) with Melotime™ sequential release technology, which mimics the physiological pattern of endogenous melatonin secretion through two release phases: an immediate release fraction to facilitate falling asleep and a prolonged release fraction throughout the night to maintain elevated melatonin levels during the first hours of sleep. Each chewable tablet contains 1.9 mg of pure melatonin, at the maximum concentration allowed by European regulations for food supplements. Sugar-free. Vegan. Gluten-free, GMO-free. Available in 30 and 120 chewable tablets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelatonin 1.9 mg with Melotime™ biphasic sequential release technology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Melotime™ technology, patented by Inventia Healthcare Ltd., is a controlled release matrix granulation platform that allows melatonin to be incorporated into two fractions with distinct release profiles in a single dosage form. When the tablet is chewed, mechanical disintegration occurs, simultaneously releasing: the immediate release fraction (the unencapsulated soluble component), which is rapidly absorbed through the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa, reaching peak plasma levels in 20 to 30 minutes, and the prolonged release fraction (the encapsulated matrix component), which progressively dissolves over several hours in the gastrointestinal environment, maintaining biologically relevant plasma melatonin levels for a more extended period of the night. This biphasic profile is especially relevant for people who fall asleep easily but wake up in the middle of the night (a sleep disturbance pattern especially common in adults over 40-50 years old, associated with reduced endogenous melatonin production in the second half of the night).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEFSA-approved health claims for melatonin:\u003c\/strong\u003e EFSA has approved two specific health claims for melatonin: melatonin contributes to the reduction of time to fall asleep (with an intake of 1 mg taken close to bedtime) and melatonin helps alleviate the subjective feeling of jet lag (with a minimum intake of 0.5 mg taken close to bedtime on the first day of travel and on subsequent days after arrival at the destination). Each HSN chewable tablet provides 1.9 mg, amply covering both effective doses recognised by EFSA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B12 methylcobalamin: co-factor of endogenous melatonin synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin, the active form) is an essential co-factor in the endogenous synthesis pathway of melatonin. Melatonin is synthesised in the body from the amino acid tryptophan, via serotonin (5-HT), by the sequential action of two enzymes: arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Vitamin B12 is necessary for the proper synthesis of SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine, the body's main methyl group donor), which is the co-factor for the methylation reaction catalysed by HIOMT (which converts N-acetylserotonin to melatonin). In this way, the inclusion of Vitamin B12 in the chewable melatonin formula complements and supports endogenous melatonin production, creating a synergy to support the circadian rhythm that goes beyond simple exogenous melatonin supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChewable format: the ideal solution for those who have difficulty taking pills or prefer not to use water at bedtime:\u003c\/strong\u003e The chewable format has specific practical advantages that differentiate it from conventional tablets or capsules: it does not require water to swallow, making it easier to take at bedtime without needing to get up for water; the pleasant strawberry and caramel cream flavour makes taking it a more enjoyable experience; oral disintegration allows a fraction of the melatonin to be absorbed directly through the oral mucosa (sublingual\/transmucosal absorption), with an even faster onset of action than conventional gastrointestinal absorption; and it is especially convenient for travel use (plane, hotel), where practicality is critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStrawberry and caramel cream flavour, sugar-free:\u003c\/strong\u003e The flavour is achieved with natural flavouring and sweeteners (sucralose and isomalt), with no added sugar. Beetroot red (E162) is a natural colourant. The formulation is vegan, with no animal-derived ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSafety and absence of dependence or tolerance with continuous use:\u003c\/strong\u003e Like all forms of melatonin, the Melotime™ chewable format does not cause physical dependence, does not induce tolerance, has no residual sedation effect the next morning, and does not negatively interfere with the physiological architecture of sleep (it does not suppress REM sleep or alter the distribution of sleep stages). It can be used daily long-term without the need for withdrawal periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chew 1 tablet daily, 30 minutes before bedtime. The tablet should be chewed (not swallowed whole) to activate the biphasic release profile of Melotime™ technology and to allow oral transmucosal absorption of the immediate release fraction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor jet lag:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chew 1 tablet close to bedtime on the first day of travel and on subsequent days after arrival at the destination, at local bedtime.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in a cool place (below 25°C), dry and dark. Close tightly after use.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"30 tablets","offer_id":52811916411227,"sku":null,"price":9.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"120 tabs","offer_id":52811916443995,"sku":null,"price":15.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-MELATONINAMASTIGAVELLIBERTACAOSEQUENCIAL_30caps.webp?v=1777501234"},{"product_id":"product_1e5b080a-8a82-4329-b067-0ff587f6b557","title":"HSN - SNEEKERS PROTEIN BAR","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eSneekers from HSN's FoodSeries line is a 45g protein bar inspired by the classic caramel, peanut, and chocolate recipe, reformulated into a fitness version with high-quality milk protein as its main ingredient. Each bar combines a real milk chocolate coating, a creamy caramel filling, and generous pieces of whole peanuts, delivering 14g of milk protein per unit in a compact and portable format that fits in any backpack or pocket. Milk protein is the primary protein source, selected for its complete essential amino acid profile and high biological value nutritional quality, making Sneekers a protein snack that satisfies both the palate and nutritional goals. No palm oils. Perfect for any time of day: post-workout, a snack between meals, or simply to satisfy a craving for something sweet without breaking your diet.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14g of high biological value milk protein in 45g: the protein density of an indulgence snack:\u003c\/strong\u003e Milk protein combines the two protein fractions of milk in a single source: casein (~80%) and whey (~20%). This natural combination offers a biphasic absorption profile: whey is absorbed quickly (rapid rise in aminoacidemia, acutely stimulating muscle protein synthesis), while casein forms a gel in the stomach that is digested more slowly, gradually releasing amino acids over a prolonged period, contributing to satiety and the sustained availability of amino acids for muscle protein synthesis over several hours. Milk protein has a PDCAAS (Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score) of 1.0, the maximum possible value, and a complete essential amino acid profile, with an emphasis on branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine) which are the main activators of the mTOR pathway for muscle protein synthesis. With 14g of protein per 45g bar, Sneekers offers one of the best protein densities available in the indulgent-flavored protein bar market.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReal milk chocolate: not an imitation coating, but genuine chocolate:\u003c\/strong\u003e The outer coating of Sneekers is made with real milk chocolate, which contains cocoa butter, cocoa mass, and milk, unlike the \"compound coatings\" or imitation chocolate coatings often used in low-cost protein bars, which replace cocoa butter with cheaper vegetable fats and have a clearly inferior taste and texture. The use of real milk chocolate is a quality choice that differentiates Sneekers from most market alternatives and is responsible for the sensory experience close to that of a premium chocolate bar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCreamy caramel and whole peanuts: the combination of textures that makes Sneekers irresistible:\u003c\/strong\u003e The caramel filling of Sneekers has a soft and creamy texture that contrasts with the crunchiness of the outer chocolate and the generous pieces of whole peanuts. Peanuts add not only texture but also an additional supply of vegetable protein, unsaturated fats (mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid), and micronutrients such as magnesium, phosphorus, and B vitamins. The combination of sweet (caramel and chocolate), salty (salt in peanuts and caramel), and crunchy (peanuts) is the same sensory formula that makes caramel and peanut chocolate bars one of the most consumed worldwide, now with a completely reformulated nutritional profile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompact 45g format: maximum convenience for an active lifestyle:\u003c\/strong\u003e At just 45g per unit, Sneekers is one of the most compact and portable protein bars on the market, fitting easily into a jacket pocket, gym bag, backpack, or office drawer. This lightness and compactness make it especially practical for travel, taking to work, or always having on hand for sudden hunger when the alternative would be to resort to an unhealthy snack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA protein alternative for an indulgence moment: satisfies cravings without compromising goals:\u003c\/strong\u003e The biggest challenge of any long-term structured nutritional approach is not the initial phase of motivation, but managing the cravings for sweet and indulgent foods that inevitably arise over time. Sneekers addresses this challenge directly: its taste is genuinely close to that of a classic caramel and peanut chocolate bar, with the nutritional difference of replacing much of the simple sugars and saturated fats with high-quality protein. This allows you to satisfy your chocolate and sweet cravings in a real way, without the guilt and without the negative nutritional impact of a conventional chocolate, keeping your body composition goals and daily protein intake on track.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen to consume:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sneekers can be consumed at any time of day, without specific timing restrictions. Common uses include as a protein snack between lunch and dinner (the period when sweet cravings are most frequent), as an immediate post-workout snack when there is no access to a full meal, as a complementary breakfast to increase the protein content at the start of the day, or simply as a protein dessert after a main meal. The convenience of the format allows it to be consumed in any context without the need for preparation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357594971,"sku":null,"price":2.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-BARRINHASNEEKERSPROTEICA.webp?v=1776804768"},{"product_id":"product_28d1e32b-1787-401b-b402-ebca9170abe6","title":"HSN - PROTEIN WAFER","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's FoodSeries Protein Wafer is a protein snack in wafer format with 15g of protein per serving, available in Raspberry and Vanilla flavours. It combines layers of crispy wafer with a creamy, high-protein filling, creating a contrast of textures that sets it apart from conventional protein bars. The protein blend combines milk protein (casein and whey) with pea protein and hydrolysed gelatin, ensuring a complete amino acid profile. The wheat flour used is enriched with Vitamin B3, Vitamin B1, iron and calcium, adding nutritional value to the wafer structure. Beetroot red (natural) is used as a colourant for the Raspberry flavour. Perfect for any time of day, especially as a snack between meals, mid-morning, or post-workout when you want something sweet but nutritious.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15g of protein per wafer: a protein snack with high nutritional density in a light format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Each Protein Wafer unit provides 15g of high biological value protein in a significantly lighter and airier format than conventional protein bars. The wafer has a texture that satisfies differently: its lightness and crispiness create a sensory experience similar to that of a quality biscuit or cookie, but with a completely different nutritional profile. For context, 15g of protein is equivalent to approximately 2 medium eggs or 60 to 70g of chicken breast, making the Protein Wafer a genuinely practical way to increase daily protein intake without resorting to complex food preparations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-source protein blend: milk protein + pea protein + hydrolysed gelatin for broad-spectrum coverage:\u003c\/strong\u003e The main protein source is milk protein, which naturally combines casein (~80%) and whey (~20%), offering a biphasic absorption profile (rapid whey absorption and gradual, prolonged casein release) particularly relevant for a snack that can be consumed between meals. Pea protein complements the amino acid profile, especially arginine (in which pea is particularly rich) and BCAAs. Hydrolysed gelatin (hydrolysed collagen) provides short-chain amino acids with a special contribution of glycine and proline, relevant for joint and connective tissue health, differentiating the Protein Wafer's protein blend from the more common protein sources in protein bars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnriched wheat flour: vitamin and mineral micronutrients integrated into the wafer structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e The wheat flour used is enriched wheat flour, which contains, in addition to conventional flour, calcium carbonate, ferrous sulphate, nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) and thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1). This practice of enriching flours is mandatory in several countries and reflects good nutritional formulation practices: simple wheat flour loses a significant part of natural vitamins and minerals during the refining process, and subsequent enrichment partially compensates for these losses. From a nutritional point of view, Iron, Calcium, Vitamin B1 and B3 are micronutrients with EFSA-approved health claims (contribution to the normal functioning of the nervous system, energy metabolism, maintenance of normal bones, and reduction of tiredness and fatigue).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnique texture: crispy on the outside, creamy on the inside:\u003c\/strong\u003e The main sensory difference between the Protein Wafer and a conventional protein bar is the texture. The wafer format consists of thin, crispy sheets (produced by baking between two heated plates in a wafer iron, similar to a waffle), interleaved with the creamy protein filling. This alternation of textures (crispy\/crunchy in the wafer sheets, creamy\/soft in the filling) creates a consumption experience closer to that of a gourmet biscuit than a conventional compact and chewy bar, making it particularly appealing for those looking for variety in their protein snack portfolio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural flavours without artificial colourants:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Raspberry flavour uses beetroot red (E162) as a colourant, which is a 100% natural pigment extracted from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris). The absence of artificial colourants (such as Allura Red E129 or Amaranth E123, common in lower quality raspberry products) is a quality choice that keeps the recipe closer to clean label standards. The Vanilla flavour uses natural flavourings without the need for additional colourants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConvenient snack, no refrigeration needed:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Protein Wafer does not require refrigeration and should be stored in a cool, dry place in its original sealed packaging. This ambient storage property is essential for portability, making it suitable for carrying to work, in a gym bag, in a purse, or for travel without needing a cold chain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen to consume:\u003c\/strong\u003e Any time of day, being especially interesting as a snack between meals (mid-morning or mid-afternoon), before or after training as a convenient protein source, or as a protein dessert after main meals to satisfy a craving for something sweet. Once opened, consume the same day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in the original packaging, protected from light, in a cool (below 25°C) and dry place.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357660507,"sku":null,"price":2.5,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-WAFERPROTEICO.webp?v=1777504008"},{"product_id":"product_1698c3b7-4034-4254-8285-8aa5e85f4b05","title":"HSN - ASHWAGANDHA EXTRACT (10:1) | 120caps (400mg)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Ashwagandha Extract (10:1) 400 mg is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on dry extract of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root, with a 10:1 extraction ratio and standardized to 8.5% withanolides. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a central adaptogenic plant in Indian Ayurvedic medicine, used for over 3000 years as a general tonic, adaptogen, and revitalizer. Each 400 mg capsule of extract is equivalent to 4000 mg of native root, and the daily dose of 3 capsules (1200 mg total extract) is equivalent to 12,000 mg of ashwagandha root, providing 102 mg of total withanolides per day (calculated based on 8.5% standardization). The formula is clean label: the only excipients are rice flour and the vegetable capsule (HPMC), with no aesthetic additives, no colorings, no preservatives. Vegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free. Available in 30, 120, and 240 capsules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.5% withanolides: the highest standardization available in unpatented ashwagandha extracts:\u003c\/strong\u003e Withanolides are the family of phytosteroid compounds characteristic of Withania somnifera (steroidal lactones with an ergostane skeleton), identified as the main bioactive compounds responsible for the plant's adaptogenic, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The 8.5% withanolide standardization in HSN's 10:1 extract is one of the highest available on the market for unpatented ashwagandha extracts: most ashwagandha extracts on the market are standardized to 2.5% or 5% withanolides, and HSN guarantees 8.5%, ensuring a significantly higher concentration of bioactive compounds. For comparison: KSM-66® (Ixoreal Biomed's patented raw material) is standardized to 5% withanolides with a 12:1 ratio; HSN's 10:1 extract at 8.5% has a higher concentration of withanolides per unit weight of extract than KSM-66®, although KSM-66® uses proprietary extraction techniques that ensure a complete and reproducible phytochemical profile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% Withania somnifera root: the part of the plant with the highest concentration of withanolides:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN specifies that its extract is produced exclusively from the root of Withania somnifera, without leaves, stems, or other aerial parts of the plant. This choice is relevant because the concentration of withanolides is significantly higher in the root (the most studied part of the plant in clinical trials) than in the leaves or stems. Many producers on the market use mixed root+leaf extracts (or even exclusively leaf, which has a lower raw material cost) without specifying the origin on the label, which can result in a lower actual withanolide content than declared. HSN guarantees exclusive root and verifiable analytical standardization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented adaptogenic properties: improved stress resistance and mental balance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ashwagandha is classified as an adaptogen, meaning a compound that non-specifically increases the body's resistance to physical, chemical, and biological stressors, without interfering with normal physiological functions. The adaptogenic mechanism of action of ashwagandha mainly involves modulation of the HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal), with a reduction in cortisol secretion mediated by withanolides, and modulation of the central nervous system via partial agonism of GABA-A receptors (producing an anxiolytic effect) and modulation of intracellular stress signaling pathways (NF-κB, Hsp70, Hsp90). The study by Chandrasekhar et al. (2012), published in the Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, with 64 adults with chronic stress, documented that ashwagandha extract (300 mg\/day, 8 weeks) significantly reduced stress and anxiety scores (PSS scale), serum cortisol levels, and improved sleep quality and general well-being versus placebo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for physical performance, strength, and muscle recovery:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ashwagandha has a growing clinical evidence base for benefits in physical performance, especially in the context of resistance training. The study by Wankhede et al. (2015), published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, with 57 young men in resistance training for 8 weeks, documented that ashwagandha supplementation (300 mg 2x\/day) significantly increased muscle strength (1RM bench press and leg press), body composition (greater muscle mass gain and greater body fat reduction) and muscle recovery (lower markers of muscle damage), compared to placebo. With the HSN 10:1 extract dose of 1200 mg\/day (equivalent to 12,000 mg of native root), the withanolide dose (102 mg\/day) is substantially higher than those used in the studies, which theoretically translates into a more comprehensive coverage of the documented effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for sleep, male libido, and thyroid function:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to adaptogenic effects and physical performance, ashwagandha has specific clinical evidence bases in additional contexts: support for sleep quality (effect documented in studies with adults with subclinical insomnia), support for male sexual function and testosterone levels (via modulation of cortisol levels, which has a suppressive effect on testosterone production; and potential stimulation of androgen production via modulation of the HPG axis), and support for thyroid function (studies document increases in T3 and T4 levels in contexts of subclinical hypothyroidism). The daily dose of 3 capsules (1200 mg of extract) covers a broader temporal spectrum throughout the day, with 1 capsule in the morning, 1 at lunch, and 1 at dinner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10:1 extraction ratio: 10 times more concentrated than the native root:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 10:1 extraction ratio means that 10 parts of native Withania somnifera root were needed to produce 1 part of the concentrated extract. This implies that each 400 mg capsule of extract is equivalent, in terms of volume of raw material used, to 4000 mg of native root, and that the daily dose of 3 capsules is equivalent to 12,000 mg (12 g) of root. This high concentration allows the doses of withanolides documented as effective in clinical studies to be obtained in a much smaller number of capsules than would be necessary with lower concentration extracts or native root powder.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 3 times a day with meals (total: 3 capsules\/day = 1200 mg extract\/day = 12,000 mg native root equivalent\/day = 102 mg withanolides\/day). Taking with meals improves gastrointestinal tolerance. Adaptogenic effects are cumulative and typically noticeable after 2 to 4 weeks of continued use, with maximum benefits documented after 6 to 8 weeks of regular supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357693275,"sku":null,"price":14.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-EXTRATODEASHWAGANDHA_10-1_400mg.webp?v=1777499665"},{"product_id":"product_979abf42-77ce-4fd7-8dba-460d31e059a1","title":"HSN - EVOBURN | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvoburn from HSN's SportSeries range is the most iconic stimulant thermogenic\/fat burner in the HSN catalog, with over a decade on the market and an exclusive formula combining 13 active compounds in vegetable capsules: highly concentrated and standardised plant extracts (Guarana, Green Tea with EGCG, Yerba Mate, microencapsulated Cayenne, Bitter Orange with p-synephrine, Cocoa, Coleus forskohlii with forskolin, White Willow, Grapefruit), L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (2:1), L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Natural Anhydrous Caffeine from green coffee, and Choline Bitartrate, with Zinc and L-Phenylalanine. The daily dose of 6 capsules (3 in the morning + 3 at midday) provides 218.4 mg of total caffeine from multiple natural sources (guarana, green tea, yerba mate + pure anhydrous caffeine from green coffee). Product for daytime use only, not recommended after 4 pm. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e218.4 mg of total caffeine from multiple natural sources: balanced stimulation with prolonged effect:\u003c\/strong\u003e The choice to combine caffeine from multiple natural sources (guarana, green tea, yerba mate) with pure anhydrous caffeine is not random: each of these sources has a different phytochemical matrix that modulates the absorption and release rate of caffeine. Guarana has a protein and tannin matrix that slows down caffeine absorption, resulting in a more gradual onset of action and a more prolonged effect than pure anhydrous caffeine. Green tea simultaneously provides caffeine and EGCG (which has thermogenic properties independent of caffeine). Yerba mate contains mateine (caffeine with different bonds to tannins that makes its absorption slower), in addition to theophylline and theobromine. The combination results in a more sustained and balanced absorption profile and stimulating effect than an equivalent single dose of anhydrous caffeine, without the sharp peaks and drops associated with pure caffeine. This multi-source approach is one of Evoburn's quality hallmarks compared to most thermogenics on the market that simply add a high dose of synthetic anhydrous caffeine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEGCG from green tea (15%): the catechin with the highest thermogenic and lipotropic activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Green tea extract (8:1, 50% polyphenols, 30% catechins, 15% EGCG) is standardised to guarantee a minimum content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most studied catechin in green tea and the one with the highest documented thermogenic and lipotropic activity. EGCG acts primarily by inhibiting the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline) in peripheral tissues. By inhibiting COMT, EGCG prolongs the thermogenic and lipolytic effect of catecholamines released during physical exercise and by the sympathetic nervous system. Meta-analytic studies document that the EGCG + caffeine combination increases energy expenditure by 80 to 180 kcal\/day and increases fat oxidation by 10 to 16%, being the most well-documented combination in natural thermogenics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicroencapsulated Cayenne (2.25% capsaicin): thermogenesis via TRPV1 receptors:\u003c\/strong\u003e Microencapsulated cayenne extract (Capsicum annuum) (a technique that slows the release of capsaicin to prevent acute gastric irritation, in contrast to conventional unencapsulated cayenne extracts) is standardised to 2.25% capsaicin. Capsaicin is the pungent compound responsible for the heat sensation of chilli peppers, which exerts thermogenic activity via activation of TRPV1 receptors (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) in white adipose tissue, stimulating the release of local noradrenaline that promotes lipolysis in adipocytes. Clinical studies with capsaicin document modest but consistent increases in postprandial energy expenditure (50 to 100 kcal\/day) and appetite reduction via gastric satiety mechanisms. The microencapsulation used in Evoburn is technologically superior to conventional capsaicin by allowing passage through the gastric area without causing irritation, releasing it only in the small intestine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-Synephrine from bitter orange (30%): mild adrenergic agonist with a superior safety profile to ephedrine:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bitter orange extract (Citrus aurantium, 30% p-synephrine) provides p-synephrine, a sympathomimetic adrenergic alkaloid that shares the same mechanism of action as endogenous catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline) by being an agonist of β-3 adrenergic receptors. β-3 receptors are mainly present in adipose tissue and are responsible for activating lipolysis (mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue into circulation). Unlike ephedrine (which has been banned in many countries due to cardiovascular risks), p-synephrine has a selective affinity for β-3 receptors with much lower affinity for β-1 (cardiac) receptors, which gives it a much more favourable cardiovascular safety profile. The combination of p-synephrine with EGCG and caffeine is considered the classic triad of natural thermogenics, with documented synergy between the three compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForskolin from Coleus forskohlii (50%): activation of adenylate cyclase and increase in intracellular cAMP:\u003c\/strong\u003e Coleus forskohlii extract (10:1, 50% forskolin) provides forskolin, a diterpenoid that directly activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase (independently of adrenergic receptors), increasing intracellular levels of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). cAMP is the second messenger that activates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipocytes and the release of fatty acids into circulation. This mechanism of adenylate cyclase activation is synergistic with the adrenergic mechanisms of p-synephrine and caffeine, and potentially complementary to the COMT inhibitory mechanism of EGCG.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Carnitine L-Tartrate (2:1): lipotropic for fatty acid transport for mitochondrial β-oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (2:1) is one of the forms of L-carnitine with the highest oral bioavailability. L-carnitine is essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane (via the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II system), being the rate-limiting step of mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids. Without sufficient L-carnitine, fatty acids mobilised from adipose tissue by thermogenic mechanisms (capsaicin, p-synephrine, forskolin) cannot enter the mitochondria to be oxidised as fuel. L-carnitine thus acts as the \"transporter\" that ensures that mobilised fatty acids effectively reach the site of oxidation, maximising the efficiency of the lipolysis + oxidation process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNaringin from grapefruit (95%), salicin from white willow (50%) and theobromine from cocoa (6%): complementary bioactive compounds:\u003c\/strong\u003e Naringin from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi, 95% naringin) is a flavonoid with CYP3A4 inhibitory properties, which can increase the bioavailability of other Evoburn compounds metabolised by this hepatic enzyme (including p-synephrine). Salicin from white willow (Salix alba, 50% salicin) is a precursor of salicylic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties relevant for supporting muscle recovery in the context of intense training during cutting phases. Theobromine from cocoa (6% of the 10:1 extract) is a xanthine stimulant with a milder and more prolonged action than caffeine, with complementary vasodilatory and lipotropic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 3 capsules in the morning and 3 capsules at midday with meals (total: 6 capsules\/day = 218.4 mg caffeine\/day). Do not take after 4 pm to avoid interfering with sleep. Take preferably with meals to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort (especially from capsaicin and caffeine on an empty stomach).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCycles:\u003c\/strong\u003e According to HSN, based on the latest scientific evidence, there is no need for cyclic breaks (cycling) with Evoburn, as recent studies have not shown desensitisation to its effects with continuous use.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357726043,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-EVOBURN.webp?v=1777499333"},{"product_id":"product_d4788c2d-cf55-4209-8fb6-d2a064f9d794","title":"HSN - P-SYNEPHRINE | 120caps (60mg)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eP-Synephrine 60 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on bitter orange extract (Citrus aurantium) standardised to 30% p-synephrine, enriched with Zinc (citrate) and Chromium (picolinate). Each capsule provides 60 mg of pure p-synephrine, double the amount provided by most alternatives available on the market (typically 30 mg\/capsule), positioning HSN's P-Synephrine 60 mg as one of the most concentrated formulations available in food supplementation. P-synephrine is the main alkaloid of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine under the name \"Zhi Shi,\" and gained particular popularity as an ingredient in natural thermogenics after ephedrine was banned in the US in 2004. Dose: 1 capsule per day, preferably on an empty stomach. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, allergen-free.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-Synephrine: the selective β-3 adrenergic agonist with a superior cardiovascular safety profile to ephedrine:\u003c\/strong\u003e P-synephrine is a phenethylamine alkaloid naturally present in various Citrus species, with a particular concentration in immature Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) fruits. Its molecular structure is related to endogenous catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), but with distinct pharmacological properties: p-synephrine is a selective agonist of β-3 adrenergic receptors, with much lower affinity for α-1, α-2, and β-1 receptors compared to ephedrine. This selectivity is the central pharmacological point that distinguishes p-synephrine from previous formulas with ephedrine: β-3 receptors are mainly present in white adipose tissue and are the mediators of lipolysis (mobilization of triglycerides from adipocytes into circulation as free fatty acids), while β-1 receptors (which ephedrine extensively activates) are the main cardiac receptors responsible for increasing heart rate and blood pressure. P-synephrine's β-3 selectivity gives it a much more favorable cardiovascular safety profile, with studies documenting no effects on heart rate and blood pressure at doses up to 100 mg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e60 mg per capsule: double the most common dose on the market, with only 1 capsule\/day:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 60 mg dose of p-synephrine per capsule is specifically relevant because it corresponds to the dose used in reference studies that documented the effects of p-synephrine on fat oxidation during exercise. The study by Gutiérrez-Hellín \u0026amp; Del Coso (2016), published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, with an acute p-synephrine dose equivalent to 2-3 mg\/kg body weight (which for a 70 kg adult corresponds to 140-210 mg, a higher dose than 60 mg\/capsule), documented significant increases in fat oxidation rate during exercise without effects on heart rate. The study by Ratamess et al. (2016), published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, documented that the combination of p-synephrine with caffeine increased metabolic and lipolytic responses during resistance training compared to p-synephrine or caffeine used alone, establishing the p-synephrine + caffeine synergy as one of the most evidence-supported combinations in thermogenics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDocumented mechanisms of action: lipolysis, thermogenesis, and appetite suppression:\u003c\/strong\u003e P-synephrine exerts its effects in the context of body weight management through three main mechanisms. Adrenergic lipolysis occurs through the activation of β-3 receptors in adipose tissue, which stimulates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) to hydrolyze triglycerides from adipocytes, releasing free fatty acids and glycerol into circulation. These fatty acids become available as a substrate for mitochondrial oxidation in muscles during exercise. Thermogenesis results from the increased sympathetic tone mediated by the activation of adrenergic receptors, with an increase in basal metabolism and body temperature. Appetite suppression, documented in some studies, may result from the activation of the sympathetic system (which typically inhibits gastrointestinal motility and reduces appetite) and direct effects on appetite regulation centers in the hypothalamus.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc (zinc citrate): essential mineral with EFSA health claim for fatty acid metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Zinc included in the formula has an approved EFSA health claim specifically relevant in the context of this product: Zinc contributes to normal fatty acid metabolism. This function of Zinc in lipid metabolism is mediated by its participation as a cofactor for multiple enzymes in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis pathways. The combination of p-synephrine (which mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue) with Zinc (which supports normal fatty acid metabolism in mitochondria) creates a logically coherent nutritional synergy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChromium (chromium picolinate): support for carbohydrate metabolism and maintenance of normal blood glucose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chromium has approved EFSA health claims that are especially relevant in contexts of caloric deficit and body definition: Chromium contributes to normal macronutrient metabolism and to the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. In contexts of caloric deficit, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is important to avoid hunger spikes and functional hypoglycemia that can compromise adherence to the eating plan. Chromium picolinate is the form of Chromium with the highest oral bioavailability, enhancing insulin signaling and improving cellular sensitivity to insulin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% natural origin of p-synephrine: directly from Citrus aurantium fruit:\u003c\/strong\u003e The p-synephrine used by HSN is exclusively of natural origin, extracted from Citrus aurantium fruit (it is not synthetic p-synephrine). This clarity of origin is relevant given that the supplement market has products with synthetic p-synephrine that may have different ratios between d- and l-synephrine enantiomers, with potentially distinct pharmacological profiles. The 20:1 Citrus aurantium extract standardised to 30% natural p-synephrine guarantees a complete phytochemical profile that includes, in addition to p-synephrine, other natural alkaloids of bitter orange (octopamine, N-methyltyramine) with minor synergistic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule daily, preferably on an empty stomach (30 minutes before the first meal or workout). Taking it on an empty stomach maximizes the absorption rate and bioavailability of p-synephrine, which is rapidly absorbed and reaches peak plasma levels 60 to 90 minutes after ingestion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergy with caffeine and EGCG:\u003c\/strong\u003e To maximize lipotropic effects during exercise, p-synephrine can be combined with caffeine and EGCG (green tea), which have complementary mechanisms of action and documented synergy. Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase (increasing cAMP and prolonging adrenergic signaling), EGCG inhibits COMT (prolonging the half-life of catecholamines), and p-synephrine directly activates β-3 adrenergic receptors. This triad forms the basis of the most well-documented natural thermogenics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357758811,"sku":null,"price":19.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-P-SINEFRINA_60mg.webp?v=1777501527"},{"product_id":"product_be433a39-97f6-42b7-aca6-acfd8d6e6433","title":"HSN - KELP | 120caps (500mg)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eKelp 500 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a food supplement in vegetable capsules based on Kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) algae powder standardised to 0.065% Iodine, enriched with L-Selenomethionine. Kelp (also known as brown seaweed) is globally recognised as the natural food source with the highest concentration of available Iodine, significantly surpassing conventional terrestrial foods. Each 500 mg capsule of Ascophyllum nodosum provides approximately 325 µg of natural Iodine (216% of the European NRV of 150 µg), in its biologically integrated form within the algae matrix, and L-Selenomethionine as a source of Selenium, a trace element with an essential cofactor function in thyroid Iodine metabolism. HSN specifies that its Kelp is 100% GMO-free, which is relevant given that algae are in one of the highest risk groups for GMO contamination identified by entities such as the Non-GMO Project. Vegan, gluten-free, allergen-free. 1 capsule per day with a meal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIodine: the essential micronutrient for normal thyroid function with over 10 approved EFSA health claims:\u003c\/strong\u003e Iodine is an essential trace element that the human body cannot synthesise endogenously, and must be supplied through diet or supplementation. Iodine is the central element in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine): the thyroid gland captures circulating Iodine by active transport (via the sodium-iodide symporter, NIS), incorporates it into the tyrosine molecules of thyroglobulin (via thyroid peroxidase, TPO), and releases T3 and T4 hormones into systemic circulation. Thyroid hormones regulate the basal energy metabolism of virtually all body tissues, thermogenesis, neurological development (especially critical during gestation and the first years of life), cell differentiation and proliferation, and cardiovascular function. EFSA has approved health claims for Iodine covering: normal production of thyroid hormones and normal thyroid function, normal energy metabolism, normal cognitive function, normal functioning of the nervous system, normal psychological function, and normal skin maintenance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKelp (Ascophyllum nodosum): the algae with the highest concentration of natural Iodine in the plant kingdom:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kelp is the common name for various species of large brown seaweeds belonging to the order Laminariales. The species Ascophyllum nodosum (bladderwrack), used in this product, is an algae that grows on the rocky coasts of the North Atlantic (coasts of Iceland, Norway, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States), and accumulates Iodine from seawater through active concentration mechanisms that result in much higher Iodine concentrations in the algae than in the marine environment. The concentration of Iodine in Kelp algae is highly variable between species and batches, but HSN standardises its product to 0.065% Iodine (calculated based on the dry weight of the algae), ensuring a consistent and reproducible minimum Iodine content per capsule. Kelp is also naturally rich in other relevant minerals and bioactive compounds: alginates (polysaccharides with heavy metal chelating and blood sugar regulating properties), fucoidans (sulfated polysaccharides with immunomodulatory and antiviral properties), fucoxanthin (a carotenoid with antioxidant and lipotropic properties), and B vitamins, minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Fe) and amino acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Selenomethionine: the essential cofactor of thyroid Iodine metabolism with proven synergy:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Selenomethionine is the organic form of Selenium with the highest oral bioavailability (significantly higher than sodium selenite or sodium selenate, the conventional inorganic forms). The inclusion of Selenium in HSN's Kelp formula is a formulation decision based on the biochemistry of thyroid function: deiodinase (the enzyme responsible for converting T4 into active T3 in peripheral tissues) is a selenoprotein, meaning an enzyme that contains Selenium in its active site as selenocysteine. Without sufficient Selenium, deiodinase cannot efficiently convert T4 (which is the storage form of thyroid hormones, produced by the thyroid) into T3 (the active form that exerts metabolic effects in tissues). Thus, Selenium deficiency compromises the biological action of thyroid hormones even when Iodine is available in sufficient quantity. The combination of Iodine (via Kelp) + Selenium (via L-Selenomethionine) covers the two most critical micronutrients for complete thyroid function, in a biologically coherent nutritional synergy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEFSA approved health claims for Selenium in thyroid and reproductive function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selenium has specific EFSA approved health claims for: normal thyroid function, normal spermatogenesis, protection of cells from oxidative stress, normal hair and nail maintenance, and normal immune system function. The health claims for normal thyroid function of Selenium and Iodine are complementary and mutually reinforce the coherence of the combination of these two micronutrients in this formula.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIodine from natural source versus inorganic iodine: the integrated form of algae in the organic matrix:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Iodine present in Kelp is integrated into the organic matrix of the algae, mainly in the form of iodotyrosines (organic iodine compounds linked to tyrosine residues in algae proteins), in contrast to the inorganic Iodine in conventional supplements (potassium iodide, potassium iodate). Although the bioavailability of Kelp Iodine is similar to that of inorganic Iodine in individuals with normal thyroid function, the natural matrix of the algae simultaneously provides other bioactive compounds (alginates, fucoidans, fucoxanthin) that are not present in isolated inorganic Iodine forms, making Kelp a nutritionally more complete and holistic source of Iodine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIodine and energy metabolism: the connection between thyroid hormones and basal metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thyroid hormones T3 and T4, whose production depends on Iodine, regulate basal energy metabolism by stimulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the Krebs cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In situations of hypothyroidism (deficiency of thyroid hormones, often caused by Iodine deficiency in areas without regular access to seafood), basal metabolism decreases significantly, causing fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin, and cognitive slowness. Iodine supplementation via Kelp, in people with Iodine deficiency, restores normal thyroid hormone production and, consequently, normal energy metabolism, contributing to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule daily with a meal. Taking it with a meal improves Iodine absorption and reduces the risk of gastrointestinal irritation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor vegetarians and vegans:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kelp is especially relevant for people following vegetarian and vegan diets, given that the main dietary sources of Iodine in the Western diet are dairy products (milk, yogurt), eggs, and fish\/seafood, which are excluded from vegan diets. Enriched bread and cereals are complementary sources, but insufficient for many vegans. Kelp is the plant-based source of Iodine par excellence, making this supplement especially valuable in the vegan context.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357824347,"sku":null,"price":12.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-KELP_500mg.webp?v=1777500164"},{"product_id":"product_cb0b8272-ed9d-45ae-b4e6-a12d83e5935c","title":"HSN - DAILY TWO MULTIVITAMIN","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eDaily Two Multivitamin from HSN's EssentialSeries line is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules that provides a full spectrum of vitamins and minerals in just 2 capsules per day. The formula includes all B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7\/Biotin, B9\/Folate, B12), Vitamin C, D3 (from lichen, vegan), E (natural), K2 (natural menaquinone-7), A (stabilized retinyl acetate), and an extended panel of minerals and trace elements in their most bioavailable forms: Magnesium (citrate), Calcium (tricalcium phosphate), Zinc, Copper, and Manganese (bisglycinate chelates), Selenium (L-selenomethionine), Chromium (picolinate), Molybdenum (sodium molybdate), Boron (disodium tetraborate, nutritional borax), and dual Silicon (Bambusa bambos bamboo extract + choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid). The formula also includes Citicoline (not conventional choline bitartrate, but the premium form of choline), and Folic Acid is in the form of Calcium L-Methylfolate (the metabolically active, bioactive form for MTHFR polymorphism carriers). Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO. Available in two versions: with Iron (Ferrochel™ bisglycinate) + Iodine (150 µg), and without Iron and without Iodine. Sizes: 60, 120, and 240 capsules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFull vitamin spectrum in highly bioavailable and stable forms: the formulation difference that sets Daily Two apart:\u003c\/strong\u003e Most multivitamins on the market use the cheapest forms of vitamins and minerals, which often have much lower bioavailability than premium forms. HSN's Daily Two adopts a stance of transparency and formulation quality that clearly distinguishes it: Vitamin B12 is in the form of methylcobalamin (the active coenzymatic form, superior to cyanocobalamin in absorption and direct utilization by the body); Folic Acid (B9) is in the form of Calcium L-Methylfolate (5-MTHF, the biologically active form, which does not require enzymatic conversion by MTHFR and is therefore the available form for people with MTHFR C677T polymorphism, common in the European population); Vitamin A is in the form of retinyl acetate (the stabilized ester of retinol, with much greater oxidative stability than conventional retinol); natural Vitamin E is D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate (the natural esterified form, with greater stability and bioavailability comparable to the free form); Vitamin K2 is menaquinone-7 (MK-7, the form with the longest plasma half-life and most studied for bone and cardiovascular health); Vitamin D3 is cholecalciferol from lichen (the only certified vegan source of natural D3).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinerals and trace elements in maximum bioavailability: bisglycinate chelates and certified organic forms:\u003c\/strong\u003e Daily Two uses bisglycinate chelates (Zinc, Copper, and Manganese) instead of the cheap oxides and sulfates used in low-quality multivitamins. Bisglycinate chelates are formed by two glycine amino acids that coordinate the metal ion, creating a stable structure that crosses the intestinal mucosa via a dipeptidic absorption mechanism with much less influence from inhibitory factors (phytates, oxalates, other competing minerals). Selenium in the form of L-selenomethionine has higher bioavailability than sodium selenite. Chromium in the form of picolinate is the most studied for glucose metabolism. Molybdenum as sodium molybdate is the most bioavailable form. Magnesium as citrate has higher bioavailability than conventional magnesium oxide (one of the most dishonest practices in the multivitamin market, where many products use magnesium oxide, which has less than 4% oral bioavailability, as a \"magnesium source\").\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCiticoline: the premium form of choline with additional benefits for cognitive function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Most multivitamins that include choline use choline bitartrate, the most basic and cheapest form. HSN's Daily Two uses citicoline (CDP-choline, cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine), which is technologically the most advanced form of choline available. Citicoline simultaneously provides choline (for the synthesis of acetylcholine and membrane phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine) and cytidine (a nucleoside precursor of uridine, which is metabolically active in the central nervous system). Citicoline has specific clinical evidence for supporting cognitive function and neuroprotection, being clinically used in contexts of stroke and cognitive decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDual Silicon: bamboo extract (Bambusa bambos) + choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid:\u003c\/strong\u003e Daily Two includes two distinct sources of Silicon, the trace element responsible for collagen synthesis and maturation, bone mineralization, and skin, hair, and nail health. Bambusa bambos exudate (41% Silicon, from the bamboo layer) provides Silicon in the form of natural inorganic orthosilicate, and choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) is the organic form of Silicon with the highest documented bioavailability, with specific clinical studies for improving hair, skin, and nail health. The dual combination of two Silicon sources with complementary absorption mechanisms is a distinctive formulation approach not found in conventional multivitamins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoron (disodium tetraborate decahydrate): the forgotten trace element with relevant metabolic functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Boron is a trace element that most multivitamins do not include, despite having documented metabolic functions: modulation of steroid metabolism (including testosterone, estrogen, and vitamin D), support for bone health (via influence on magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus retention), and a possible role in cognitive function. Daily Two includes Boron in the form of disodium tetraborate decahydrate (nutritional borax), the most recognized form of nutritional quality for this trace element.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin A as retinyl acetate: the stabilized form more rarely used by the industry:\u003c\/strong\u003e Most multivitamins use retinol or beta-carotene as a source of Vitamin A. Daily Two uses retinyl acetate, the stabilized ester of retinol, which has significantly greater oxidative stability: free retinol oxidizes easily in the presence of light, heat, and oxygen, losing potency over its shelf life, while retinyl acetate maintains its potency much more stably. Additional microencapsulation further protects the compound during storage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTwo versions for different needs: with or without Iron and Iodine:\u003c\/strong\u003e Daily Two is available in two distinct versions to cover different user profiles. The version with Iron (Ferrochel™ bisglycinate, the most bioavailable chelated iron form with less gastrointestinal irritation) and Iodine (150 µg, 100% of NRV) is the complete formulation for people without specific conditions. The version without Iron and without Iodine is suitable for people who already supplement these substances separately (for example, with Kelp 500 mg for Iodine), people with hemochromatosis or high iron levels, people with thyroid diseases where iodine intake must be controlled, or people who take other supplements that already provide adequate amounts of iron and iodine. The \"2 per day\" format has the additional advantage of being usable in half doses (1 capsule\/day) for those who already have a micronutrient-rich diet and only want minimal support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 capsules per day, preferably at the same time, with one of the main meals (breakfast or lunch). Taking it with meals improves the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K2) and minerals. For those who prefer a lower dose, you can take 1 capsule per day (half the recommended dose), especially if your diet is already varied and balanced.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357889883,"sku":null,"price":27.26,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-DAILYTWOMULTIVITAMINICO.webp?v=1777499017"},{"product_id":"product_157cea6d-9ee3-4e70-ac7e-bc14d859454f","title":"HSN - LIQUID VITAMIN D3 | 30ml","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Liquid Vitamin D3 is a dietary supplement in dropper format, based on natural cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) (from lanolin, derived from sheep's wool), suspended in a safflower oil base with a natural antioxidant (extract rich in tocopherols). Each drop provides 25 µg (1000 IU) of pure Vitamin D3, in a highly concentrated and convenient liquid format that eliminates the need to take capsules or tablets. Just one drop per day directly into the mouth, with breakfast, in a glass of water, or mixed into any food, with no perceptible taste. The formula is extremely clean: only three ingredients (safflower oil, tocopherol extract, and cholecalciferol), no sweeteners, no artificial flavors, no aesthetic additives. Suitable for vegetarian diets. 30 ml bottle with integrated dosing dropper.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin D3 (cholecalciferol): the most effective form of Vitamin D with over 10 approved EFSA health claims:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eVitamin D exists in two main forms: ergocalciferol (D2, plant\/fungal origin) and cholecalciferol (D3, animal or lichen origin). Comparative studies, including the meta-analysis by Tripkovic et al. (2012) published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition with 32 studies and 2727 participants, show that cholecalciferol (D3) is approximately 87% more effective than ergocalciferol (D2) in raising and maintaining plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, the marker of vitamin D status), and is also more potent in reducing the incidence of deficiency. EFSA has approved health claims for Vitamin D in multiple physiological categories: it contributes to the normal absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus; it contributes to normal blood calcium levels; it contributes to the maintenance of normal bones; it contributes to the maintenance of normal teeth; it contributes to normal muscle function; it contributes to the normal function of the immune system; it plays a role in the process of cell division; it contributes to the normal function of the immune system in children; it helps to reduce the risk of falling associated with postural instability and muscle weakness (in adults over 60). This broad range of physiological functions makes Vitamin D one of the supplements with the highest documented benefit\/dose ratio in current scientific literature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin D deficiency in Europe: a widespread public health problem with structural causes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eVitamin D is synthesized in the skin by the action of the sun's UVB rays, but the capacity for cutaneous synthesis is limited by multiple factors that accumulate in modern European life. Portugal's geographical latitude (38° to 42° N) means that from October to March, the sun's UVB rays reach the earth's surface at too oblique an angle to stimulate cutaneous Vitamin D synthesis, even on sunny days. The widespread use of sunscreen (which blocks UVB), the tendency to remain indoors (office work, commuting by car), and clothing coverage that limits skin exposure to the sun throughout the year drastically reduce cutaneous synthesis even in months of higher radiation. On the other hand, Vitamin D is scarce in food: the main dietary sources are fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines), eggs, and fortified dairy products, but in quantities that rarely cover daily needs without supplementation. European prevalence studies indicate that 40 to 70% of the European adult population has 25(OH)D levels below 50 nmol\/L (20 ng\/ml), the threshold generally considered sufficient for most physiological functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLanolin: natural source of animal-derived Vitamin D3 with a pharmacological profile identical to that produced by human skin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe cholecalciferol used in this product is extracted from lanolin, the waxy substance produced by the sebaceous glands in sheep's wool. When exposed to UV radiation, lanolin (which contains 7-dehydrocholesterol, the same precursor to Vitamin D3 found in human skin) synthesizes cholecalciferol by photolysis, using exactly the same photochemical mechanism that occurs in human skin. Cholecalciferol obtained from lanolin is chemically identical to that produced by human skin and to cholecalciferol obtained from other animal sources. It is suitable for vegetarian diets (since lanolin is derived from sheep's wool shearing, without the need to slaughter the animal, analogous to honey produced by bees), but not for vegan diets. For vegans, HSN offers capsule versions of Vitamin D3 where cholecalciferol is derived from lichen (the only natural plant source of D3).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSafflower oil as a fat-soluble vehicle: the superior technical choice for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eVitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin, meaning that its intestinal absorption requires the simultaneous presence of fats in the gastrointestinal tract for efficient absorption: fatty acids stimulate biliary secretion and the activation of pancreatic lipases that form the lipid micelles necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Suspending cholecalciferol in a lipid oil (in this case, safflower oil) ensures that the vitamin is pre-dissolved in a lipid matrix that immediately facilitates its incorporation into micelles, regardless of the fat content of the meal with which it is taken. HSN justifies the choice of safflower oil specifically over other alternatives: water degrades cholecalciferol over time; alcohol evaporates and creates stability problems; olive oil has an intense taste that can be unpleasant and degrades more quickly; safflower oil is stable at room temperature (does not solidify in winter, unlike some oils), colorless, has no perceptible taste, has good oxidative stability, and does not easily peroxidize. The extract rich in tocopherols (natural Vitamin E) is included as an antioxidant to protect cholecalciferol and safflower oil against oxidation over the product's shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 drop = 25 µg = 1000 IU: safe and effective standard dose for daily maintenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe dose of 1000 IU (25 µg) per drop corresponds to the most frequently recommended daily maintenance dose for adults with insufficient sun exposure at European latitudes. For reference: the European Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) for Vitamin D is 5 µg (200 IU), but this reference is widely considered outdated and insufficient for maintaining adequate plasma levels of 25(OH)D. The Linus Pauling Institute, the Endocrine Society, and many European national guidelines recommend 1500 to 2000 IU\/day as a maintenance dose for adults without adequate sun exposure, with therapeutic doses of 4000 to 10000 IU\/day (always under medical supervision) for correcting documented deficiencies. The drop format allows total dosing flexibility: 1 drop (1000 IU), 2 drops (2000 IU), 4 drops (4000 IU), or any other dose, adapted to individual needs determined by laboratory analysis of 25(OH)D levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiquid drop format: maximum practicality and flexibility for all user profiles:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe drop format has specific practical advantages that distinguish it from conventional capsule or tablet formats. It can be taken directly into the mouth (sublingual ingestion for partially faster transmucosal absorption), added to morning coffee or tea, mixed into a protein shake, or added to any food without altering its taste (safflower oil is colorless and tasteless). It is especially suitable for people who have difficulty swallowing capsules, for children (with dose adjustment by a healthcare professional), and for those who prefer to minimize the number of solid supplements. The integrated dropper allows for precise and reproducible dosing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 drop per day (= 25 µg \/ 1000 IU of Vitamin D3) directly into the mouth or added to any food or drink. It can be taken at any time of day, with or without a meal (since the safflower oil in the formula already ensures the necessary lipid matrix for absorption).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Store in a cool, dry place (8 to 25°C), in the tightly closed original packaging. Do not expose to direct sunlight. After opening, keep the cap tightly closed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357955419,"sku":null,"price":10.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-VITAMINAD3LIQUIDA.webp?v=1777503954"},{"product_id":"product_66ddb3a9-894c-474f-990a-5100073ec352","title":"HSN - VITAMIN D3 1000 IU | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's EssentialSeries Vitamin D3 1000 IU is a food supplement in softgels based on cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) of natural origin (lanolin, derived from sheep's wool), suspended in flaxseed oil as a fat-soluble vehicle. Each softgel provides 25 µg (1000 IU) of pure Vitamin D3, at the most commonly used standard daily maintenance dose for adults with insufficient sun exposure in European latitudes. A clean formula with only four ingredients: flaxseed oil, cholecalciferol, gelatin (capsule), and glycerine. No aesthetic additives, no flavourings, no sweeteners. Suitable for vegetarian diets (not vegan: animal gelatin + lanolin). Dose: 1 softgel per day. Available in 60 and 120 softgels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCholecalciferol (D3): the most proven effective form of Vitamin D for increasing plasma 25(OH)D levels:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eCholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is the form physiologically produced by human skin through the action of solar UVB rays, and the most effective form of Vitamin D supplementation to raise and maintain plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, the reference marker of Vitamin D status in the body. The meta-analysis by Tripkovic et al. (2012), published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, showed that cholecalciferol (D3) is approximately 87% more effective than ergocalciferol (D2) at increasing plasma 25(OH)D levels, with D3 being the form recommended by the vast majority of international supplementation guidelines. After oral ingestion, cholecalciferol is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of lipid micelles formed by fatty acids from flaxseed oil, transported to the liver where it is converted into 25(OH)D (calcidiol, the storage form and analytical marker), and subsequently converted in the kidneys (and in other peripheral tissues) into the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), which exerts its effects through nuclear VDR (Vitamin D Receptor) receptors present in almost all cell types in the body.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin D deficiency in Portugal and Europe: prevalence, structural causes and health impact:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eDespite Portugal having one of the best sun exposure conditions in Western Europe, studies on the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Portuguese adults reveal worrying values: studies conducted in the adult Portuguese population document that 30 to 50% of adults have 25(OH)D levels below 50 nmol\/L (20 ng\/ml) during autumn and winter months, and a significant proportion maintain insufficient levels even during summer months. The structural causes are common to all modern Europe: indoor work environments with minimal sun exposure during working hours, widespread use of sunscreen during months of higher insolation, increasing preference for indoor activities, and a dietary pattern where food sources rich in Vitamin D (fatty fish, egg yolk, fortified dairy products) are not consumed in sufficient quantity to cover daily needs. The consequences of chronic Vitamin D deficiency are multisystemic: increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures (via reduced intestinal calcium absorption), increased susceptibility to respiratory infections (Vitamin D modulates innate immunity by inducing antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin), muscle weakness and pain, and an epidemiological association with increased risk of autoimmune, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMore than 10 EFSA health claims approved for Vitamin D:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe EFSA has approved health claims covering an exceptional physiological spectrum for Vitamin D: it contributes to normal absorption and utilisation of calcium and phosphorus; it contributes to normal blood calcium levels; it contributes to the maintenance of normal bones; it contributes to the maintenance of normal teeth; it contributes to normal muscle function; it contributes to the normal function of the immune system (in both adults and children); it plays a role in the process of cell division; and it helps to reduce the risk of falling associated with postural instability and muscle weakness in adults over 60. The latter is of particular clinical relevance given that falls in older adults are one of the main causes of hospitalisation and severe morbidity in the European population over 65 years old.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlaxseed oil as a fat-soluble vehicle: optimised absorption of fat-soluble Vitamin D:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eFlaxseed oil is used as a fat-soluble vehicle for cholecalciferol in this softgel formulation. Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that requires a lipid matrix to be efficiently absorbed in the intestine: the fatty acids from flaxseed oil stimulate bile secretion and the activation of pancreatic lipases, which form the lipid micelles necessary to incorporate cholecalciferol and transport it to the intestinal mucosa. By pre-dissolving cholecalciferol in flaxseed oil within the softgel, HSN ensures that the vitamin is in a lipid matrix ready for absorption, which is especially relevant for people who take the supplement outside of meals (on an empty stomach or between low-fat meals). Flaxseed oil also has its own nutritional interest, being rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, vegetable omega-3), although the quantity present in a single softgel is negligible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1000 IU (25 µg): the most suitable standard maintenance dose for daily use:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe dose of 1000 IU per softgel represents the balance point between safety, efficacy, and practicality for daily use without medical supervision. Most European public health guidelines recommend 1000 to 2000 IU\/day as a maintenance dose for adults with insufficient sun exposure, which can be easily obtained with 1 to 2 softgels\/day of this formulation. For safety reference: the maximum tolerable intake level (UL) established by EFSA for adults is 100 µg (4000 IU)\/day with continuous daily use, which means that the dose of 1000 IU\/day represents only 25% of the UL, with a wide safety margin. The small-sized softgel format is easy to swallow and suitable for regular long-term daily use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormula with only 4 ingredients: clean label with a focus on essentials:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eFlaxseed oil, cholecalciferol, gelatin (capsule), and glycerine. This formulational simplicity is a deliberate feature of HSN's EssentialSeries range: to eliminate all unnecessary ingredients and focus exclusively on the functional components. No titanium dioxide (a common white colouring agent in gelatin capsules), no unnecessary flow excipients, no preservatives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 softgel per day, preferably with a meal that contains some fat (breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to maximise the absorption of fat-soluble Vitamin D. Taking it with meals containing dietary fats enhances the formation of lipid micelles and increases intestinal absorption compared to taking it on an empty stomach.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705357988187,"sku":null,"price":8.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/1_32eec6b1-982e-42c2-adab-34c19e247163.png?v=1780699066"},{"product_id":"product_415dde33-6ec4-4a74-8a50-05b701022fb7","title":"HSN - DIGEZYME | 200mg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eDigeZyme® 200 mg from HSN's EssentialSeries is a food supplement in uncoated tablets based on the DigeZyme® enzyme complex, a patented raw material by Sabinsa Corporation that combines the five main classes of human digestive enzymes: alpha-amylase, protease, lactase (beta-D-galactosidase), lipase, and cellulase, all of microbial origin (obtained from yeasts and fungi by vegetable fermentation, without using animal sources such as pig or bovine pancreas). The uncoated tablet format ensures the fastest possible disintegration after ingestion, with immediate enzymatic availability from the first minutes of the meal, without the need to take it before food. The declared enzymatic activities (alpha-amylase 24,000 U\/g, protease 6,000 U\/g, lactase 4,000 U\/g, lipase 1,000 U\/g, cellulase 200 U\/g) ensure the effective potency of each enzyme. Vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, allergen-free. DigeZyme® is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corporation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDigeZyme®: the patented enzyme complex that covers all macronutrients and cellulosic fibre:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sabinsa Corporation's DigeZyme® is one of the most recognised and used digestive enzyme complexes in the supplement industry, present in numerous HSN protein formulas (Evoexcel 2.0, Evolate 2.0, Evocasein 2.0) and other brands. The advantage of DigeZyme® over less sophisticated enzyme complexes lies in its complete coverage of all dietary macronutrients: proteins (protease), carbohydrates including starch (alpha-amylase), lactose (lactase), fats (lipase), and cellulosic fibre (cellulase). This broad-spectrum enzymatic coverage makes DigeZyme® a universal digestive support supplement, unlike isolated enzymes that only cover one class of macronutrient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlpha-amylase (24,000 U\/g): digestion of complex carbohydrates and starch:\u003c\/strong\u003e Alpha-amylase is the endogenous enzyme produced by the salivary glands and pancreas for the digestion of starch (glucose polysaccharide) into maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins. In meals rich in starch sources (rice, bread, pasta, potato), alpha-amylase activity is crucial for efficient digestion of complex carbohydrates. The activity of 24,000 U\/g is the highest of the five enzymes in the DigeZyme® complex, reflecting the quantitative importance of carbohydrate digestion in a typical diet. People with insufficient salivary or pancreatic amylase production (common in situations of chronic stress, pancreatic disease, or ageing) can especially benefit from this component.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtease (6,000 U\/g): protein digestion and amino acid availability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The protease in the DigeZyme® complex catalyses the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in dietary proteins, complementing the action of endogenous proteases (gastric pepsin, pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin, intestinal peptidases). For athletes with high protein intake (1.6 to 2.5 g\/kg\/day), proteolytic digestive capacity can become a limiting factor for the efficient absorption of all ingested amino acids. Supplementation with DigeZyme® in a single daily dose before the main protein-rich meal can contribute to more complete and efficient protein hydrolysis. Additionally, exogenous proteases with systemic activity (after partial intestinal absorption of intact enzymes) have documented anti-inflammatory potential in some pathologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLactase\/Beta-D-galactosidase (4,000 U\/g): lactose digestion for intolerant individuals:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lactase is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of lactose (milk disaccharide) into glucose and galactose. Relative or absolute deficiency of intestinal lactase (hypolactasia, which affects most adults of Asian, African, and Southern European descent) results in symptoms of lactose intolerance (flatulence, diarrhoea, abdominal pain) after consuming dairy products. The inclusion of lactase in DigeZyme® makes it useful for people with mild to moderate lactose intolerance who do not wish to completely eliminate dairy from their diet. The activity of 4,000 U\/g is sufficient for digestive support in meals with moderate lactose content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLipase (1,000 U\/g): fat digestion and support for fat-soluble nutrient absorption:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lipase catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides and other lipids into free fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are absorbed by the intestinal epithelium. Pancreatic lipase production can be insufficient in contexts of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (common in chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease), but can also be suboptimal in particularly fat-rich meals. Lipase supplementation improves fat digestion and, indirectly, the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and other nutrients that require the presence of fat for their absorption (carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellulase (200 U\/g): digestion of cellulose and vegetable fibre:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cellulase is unique in the DigeZyme® complex because it is an enzyme that mammals do not produce endogenously: the human body cannot digest cellulose (the main component of plant cell walls) without this enzyme. The inclusion of cellulase in DigeZyme® improves the digestion of raw vegetables and cellulosic fibre, reducing the amount of undigested plant material that reaches the large intestine and is fermented by the microbiota, contributing to the reduction of gas formation and bloating associated with high consumption of raw and fibrous vegetables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegan microbial origin: no animal ingredients, non-GMO:\u003c\/strong\u003e Non-microbial alternatives to digestive enzyme complexes are typically extracted from pig or bovine pancreas, which poses suitability issues for vegan and vegetarian diets. DigeZyme® exclusively uses enzymes of microbial origin (from fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oryzae and other microorganisms), obtained by fermentation without the use of GMOs, making it completely suitable for any diet including vegan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUncoated tablet for rapid disintegration and immediate enzymatic availability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The uncoated tablet format (without coating) is deliberately chosen by HSN to ensure the fastest possible disintegration of the tablet after ingestion, with release and availability of enzymes still during the meal or immediately afterwards. Alternatives in enteric capsules or with delayed-release coating delay enzymatic release to the small intestine, which may be suitable for enzymes that should not be denatured by acidic gastric pH, but unnecessarily delays the action of enzymes that are stable at acidic pH (such as alpha-amylase and protease from DigeZyme®).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 tablet immediately before or during the main meal. The ideal timing is at the beginning of the meal, when the presence of food in the stomach and duodenum stimulates the secretion of endogenous digestive enzymes, making the enzyme supplement most effective when taken in this context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget users:\u003c\/strong\u003e DigeZyme® is especially useful for athletes with very high protein intake (where proteolytic capacity can be limiting), people with slow or difficult digestion after fat-rich or protein-rich meals, people with mild lactose intolerance, people prone to abdominal bloating and gas after meals rich in raw vegetables, and older adults (where endogenous digestive enzyme production gradually decreases with age).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e For more complete digestive support, combine with probiotics (HSN's GI Biotics) which complement enzymatic action with intestinal microbiota support, and with Betaine HCl for gastric acidity support (essential for pepsin activation and proper food bolus transit to the duodenum).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52705358545243,"sku":null,"price":28.09,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-DIGEZYME_200mg.webp?v=1777499218"},{"product_id":"hsn-l-glutamina-powder-500g","title":"HSN - L-GLUTAMINE POWDER | 500g","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eL-Glutamine Powder from HSN's RawSeries line is a single-ingredient glutamine powder supplement, 100% pure, with no flavourings, no sweeteners, no additives, and no excipients, obtained by microbial fermentation from 100% plant-based sources. Available in two versions: the standard RawSeries version and the RawSeries Kyowa Quality® version, certified by the Japanese company Kyowa Hakko Bio, a pioneer in the development of industrial-scale amino acid fermentation technology and a global benchmark for amino acid quality and purity. L-Glutamine is micronized for maximum solubility and rapid dispersion in water, milk, or any drink without clumping. Suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets. Dose: 5g\/day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Glutamine: the most abundant amino acid in the body with a central role in muscle, immunity, and the gut:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in plasma and tissues of the human body, accounting for up to 60% of the total free amino acids in skeletal muscle. Although classified as a non-essential amino acid (the body can synthesize it from other precursors), glutamine is considered \"conditionally essential\" in contexts of high metabolic stress, including intense and prolonged physical exercise, illness, surgery, or trauma, where the rate of consumption exceeds the capacity for endogenous synthesis and the body enters a negative glutamine balance. Oral supplementation with L-Glutamine replenishes plasma and muscle reserves, supporting multiple physiological functions that depend on adequate availability of this amino acid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for muscle recovery and reduction of post-exercise catabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e During intense physical exercise, plasma glutamine levels decrease significantly, especially in long-duration (more than 90 minutes) or high-intensity sessions. This decline is one of the mechanisms responsible for the transient immunosuppression observed after exhaustive exercise (the so-called \"open window\" of immune vulnerability), as well as for the muscle protein catabolism that occurs in the hours following intense training. Supplementation with L-Glutamine post-workout helps to replenish depleted reserves, supporting muscle recovery, reducing protein catabolism, and contributing to the maintenance of immune function in the post-exercise period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for intestinal mucosa health and integrity:\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Glutamine is the main energy substrate for enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells), which depend almost exclusively on glutamine (and not glucose) for their energy. Adequate glutamine availability is essential to maintain the integrity of the tight junctions of the intestinal epithelium, which act as a physical barrier against the passage of pathogens, toxins, and undigested food particles into the bloodstream. In athletes with a high training volume, the oxidative and inflammatory stress associated with intense exercise can compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, making L-Glutamine supplementation especially relevant for maintaining gastrointestinal health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for the immune system: fuel for lymphocytes and macrophages:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to enterocytes, immune system cells (especially lymphocytes and macrophages) are large consumers of glutamine, which they use as their main energy source for cell proliferation and for the synthesis of cytokines, antibodies, and other immune mediators. In contexts of intense exercise, illness, or stress, the competition between muscle (which releases glutamine into the plasma) and immune cells (which consume it) can result in a negative glutamine balance and compromised immune function. Supplementation helps maintain the plasma glutamine levels necessary for the normal functioning of the immune system during and after periods of high demand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKyowa Quality® Version: pharmaceutical purity with world-renowned Japanese certification:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Kyowa Quality® version of HSN L-Glutamine uses raw material produced by Kyowa Hakko Bio, the Japanese company that pioneered the development of industrial-scale amino acid fermentation technology and is now the global benchmark for amino acid quality and purity. Kyowa Quality® certification guarantees production with pharmaceutical quality standards, verified maximum purity, compliance with Japanese (JP), American (USP), and European (EP) Pharmacopoeias, and the absence of animal-derived ingredients or GMOs. L-Glutamine Kyowa Quality® is presented exclusively in the L-enantiomer (the biologically active form), with maximum bioavailability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant-based fermentation: vegan, free from animal-derived ingredients and GMOs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Both versions of HSN L-Glutamine are produced by microbial fermentation from plant sources, without any involvement of animal-derived ingredients or GMOs, making them suitable for vegan and vegetarian diets. The fermentation and filtration process ensures that the final product has a neutral (not bitter) taste, unlike glutamines produced by acid-based processes, which tend to have unpleasant flavours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicronization for instant solubility and mixing versatility:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN L-Glutamine is micronized with a very small particle size that ensures rapid and homogeneous dispersion in any liquid (water, milk, juices, or shakes), without clumping and without precipitation at the bottom of the container. This solubility facilitates the addition of glutamine to any other drink or supplement without altering the texture or taste of the mixture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-workout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dissolve 5g (1 scoop) in water, milk, or a protein shake. Consume immediately after training to replenish glutamine reserves depleted by exercise and support muscle recovery and immune function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore bed:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5g with water before sleep to support recovery and protein synthesis processes that occur during deep sleep, especially after intense training sessions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpon waking:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 5g with water on an empty stomach to replenish plasma glutamine levels after the overnight fasting period, especially in morning fasted training protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdded to any supplement:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 5g directly in the shaker with protein, BCAA, pre-workout, or any other sports drink without altering the taste or texture of the mixture.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52796797092187,"sku":null,"price":14.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/1_121aa8e4-ac99-461c-8648-4e729b5d8157.png?v=1780698988"},{"product_id":"hsn-evolus-95","title":"HSN - EVOLUS-95","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eEvolus-95 from HSN's SportSeries line is a dietary supplement in vegetable capsules based on dry extract of Tribulus terrestris L. fruit with a 20:1 extraction ratio and standardized to 95% steroidal saponins, supplemented with Zinc (zinc citrate), Selenium (L-selenomethionine) and Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride). Tribulus terrestris is a herbaceous plant with a wide geographical distribution, with a history of secular use in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and in Middle Eastern and North African cultures to support physical vigor, sexual function, and hormonal balance. Each daily dose of 2 capsules provides 2000 mg of Tribulus 20:1 fruit extract (equivalent to 40 g of native fruit), of which 1900 mg are active steroidal saponins, making Evolus-95 one of the Tribulus products with the highest concentration of saponins available on the market. Vegan, gluten-free, and non-GMO. Manufactured in Spain in an IFS certified laboratory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusive Tribulus terrestris fruit extract: the part of the plant with the highest concentration of saponins:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN exclusively uses Tribulus terrestris fruit extract (not from other parts of the plant such as leaves, stem, or root), as the fruit is the structure with the highest concentration of steroidal saponins, the active phytochemical compounds to which Tribulus' functional properties are attributed. Tribulus steroidal saponins include protodioscin, gitonin, tribulosaponins A and B, tribulosin, and terrestrosins A to K, among others. Protodioscin is considered the most bioactive compound, being primarily responsible for Tribulus' documented properties in hormonal support and sexual function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e95% standardized saponins: the highest quality standard on the market:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vast majority of Tribulus terrestris supplements available on the market have a highly variable and typically lower saponin content, with standardizations between 20% and 60%, which makes it impossible to compare the effectiveness of products with different standardizations by simply comparing the declared dose. Evolus-95 is standardized to 95% saponins, meaning that 95% of the extract mass is specific active compound (saponins), with only 5% of other plant components. With 1000 mg of extract per capsule, each daily dose of 2 capsules provides 1900 mg of pure saponins. This exceptional standardization is the main differentiator of Evolus-95 compared to most competitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20:1 extraction ratio for maximum potency and dosing convenience:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 20:1 extraction ratio of Evolus-95 means that 20 g of native Tribulus fruit were needed to produce each gram of extract. With 1000 mg of extract per capsule and a daily dose of 2 capsules (2000 mg of extract), Evolus-95 is equivalent to a dose of 40 g of native fruit per day, far exceeding what would be practically possible to ingest in powder or raw root form. This concentration ratio is the same as that used in most reference clinical studies on Tribulus terrestris, ensuring the scientific relevance of the dose provided by the product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for muscle tone and energy levels:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tribulus terrestris has a tradition of use as a general tonic and physical invigorator in multiple cultures. The steroidal saponins of Tribulus, especially protodioscin, have a chemical structure with similarities to hormonal precursors, which is believed to be the molecular basis for the properties of support for body and muscle tone and physical vigor associated with this plant. HSN positions Evolus-95 as a support for body and muscle tone and energy levels for men and women, without the stimulating properties of conventional adrenergic stimulants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for sexual desire and sexual function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tribulus terrestris has one of the most extensive traditional evidence bases of any plant for supporting libido and sexual function in both genders. Clinical studies with standardized Tribulus extracts document improvements in sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and sexual function parameters in men and women. The proposed mechanism involves the modulation of the hormonal system, possibly through the action of saponins on the endogenous production of hormones or neuroendocrine mediators.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eZinc for fertility, testosterone, and the immune system:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Zinc included in the formula as zinc citrate (one of the most bioavailable forms) has multiple functions documented by EFSA: it demonstrably contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood, to normal fertility and reproduction (including normal spermatogenesis), to the normal functioning of the immune system, and to normal protein synthesis. The combination of Tribulus terrestris with Zinc creates a synergy of support for male hormonal balance that is greater than each ingredient acting in isolation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium for spermatogenesis and antioxidant protection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selenium (L-selenomethionine) demonstrably contributes to normal spermatogenesis (as recognized by EFSA) and to the protection of cells from oxidative stress. For athletes with a high training volume, the antioxidant protection of Selenium is especially relevant for maintaining reproductive function and hormonal balance in contexts of high systemic oxidative stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin B6 for hormonal and protein metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential cofactor in numerous reactions of amino acid and steroid hormone metabolism. As recognized by EFSA, Vitamin B6 contributes to the normal regulation of hormonal activity, to the normal metabolism of proteins and glycogen, and to the normal functioning of the nervous system, complementing the properties of Tribulus in supporting hormonal balance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClean label, vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e Evolus-95 is manufactured in Spain in an IFS (International Featured Standards) certified laboratory, with high-quality controlled raw materials and non-GMO. The formula is vegan, gluten-free, and without any declared food allergens (no gluten, fish, lactose, dairy, soy, nuts, or eggs).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule 2 times a day with meals (total: 2 capsules\/day = 2000 mg Tribulus 20:1 extract = 1900 mg saponins). Taking it with food improves gastrointestinal tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsage cycles:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tribulus can be used continuously or in cycles of 8 to 12 weeks with a 4-week break, depending on the individual protocol. The effects tend to be more pronounced after 4 to 8 weeks of regular use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynergistic combinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e For more comprehensive hormonal support, Evolus-95 can be combined with HSN Black Maca Extract (20:1), Ashwagandha KSM-66®, and Zinc. For male fertility support, combine with additional Selenium and Coenzyme Q10.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"30 capsules","offer_id":52796993962331,"sku":null,"price":9.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"180 capsules","offer_id":52796993995099,"sku":null,"price":25.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-EVOLUS-95.webp?v=1777499419"},{"product_id":"hsn-creatine-monohydrate-powder-200-mesh","title":"HSN - CREATINE MONOHYDRATE POWDER (200 MESH)","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe Creatine Monohydrate Powder (200 Mesh) from HSN's RawSeries line is a single-ingredient food supplement based on 100% pure, unadulterated, unflavored, and additive-free 200 mesh micronized creatine monohydrate. 200 mesh refers to the particle size of the powder (corresponding to particles with a diameter smaller than 75 µm), which ensures a sufficiently reduced particle size for good suspension in liquid, faster dissolution, and a less gritty mouthfeel compared to conventional non-micronized creatine monohydrate. Creatine monohydrate is universally recognized as the sports supplement with the most scientific evidence base of all time, with thousands of studies published over more than 3 decades, surpassing all other compounds in documented ergogenic properties. The purity of the raw material is certified by independent external laboratory analysis, ensuring the absence of undesirable compounds such as DCD (Dicyandiamide) and DHT (Dihydrotriazine), the two main process contaminants in creatine synthesis. Vegan, gluten-free, and GMO-free. Available in 150g, 500g, and 1kg formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCreatine monohydrate: the sports supplement with the strongest scientific evidence base ever:\u003c\/strong\u003e Creatine monohydrate is a peptide synthesized in the body from the amino acids arginine, methionine, and glycine, and also obtained through diet by consuming meat and fish. It is primarily stored in skeletal muscle (~95%) as free creatine (~40%) and phosphocreatine or creatine phosphate (~60%). Phosphocreatine is the reference energy substrate of the phosphagen system, the metabolic pathway responsible for the ultra-rapid regeneration of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) during the first 10 to 15 seconds of maximal exercise, such as a sprint, a maximal lift, or an explosive jump. By increasing muscle phosphocreatine stores through supplementation, creatine monohydrate increases ATP regeneration capacity during high-intensity efforts, leading to documented improvements in strength, power, number of repetitions, and training volume. As recognized by the EFSA, creatine is proven to contribute to increased physical performance in short bursts of high-intensity exercise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e200 mesh format: standard micronisation for better suspension and dissolution:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 200 mesh standard defines the maximum opening size of the sieve meshes used to classify the powder, corresponding to particles with a diameter of approximately 75 µm or less. This reduced particle size results in three practical advantages over non-micronized, coarser-grained creatine monohydrate: the suspension in liquid is more homogeneous and lasts longer (smaller particles settle more slowly), partial dissolution is faster, and the gritty texture sensation in the mouth is significantly reduced. Creatine monohydrate is not strictly water-soluble (it does not form a true solution), but it does suspend in liquid, and the fineness of 200 mesh powder makes this suspension homogeneous enough to be easily consumed mixed in 200 to 250 ml of water, juice, or protein shake without detecting the particles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100% pure: no additives, no blends, no dilution by excipients:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's RawSeries philosophy is based on maximum purity and transparency: a single ingredient, without additives, flavourings, sweeteners, anti-caking agents, or any other ingredient other than pure creatine monohydrate. This approach ensures that the user knows exactly what they are ingesting and at what dose, without the variability introduced by excipients or complementary ingredients. For those who already have a defined supplement stack and want to add creatine precisely and controllably, pure creatine monohydrate is the only choice that guarantees exact dosing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFree of DCD and DHT: purity certified by an independent external laboratory:\u003c\/strong\u003e During the chemical synthesis process of creatine monohydrate, if production conditions are not strictly controlled, undesirable metabolites such as DCD (Dicyandiamide) and DHT (Dihydrotriazine) can form, which reduce product purity and may have safety implications at high doses. HSN certifies the absence of these contaminants in each batch through analysis by an accredited independent external laboratory, with certificates available on the product page. This external certification distinguishes HSN creatine from products without independent purity certification, which is especially relevant given the increasing number of products of dubious quality available on e-commerce platforms without quality control.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eErgogenic effects documented over 30 years of research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Scientific research on creatine monohydrate spans over 30 years of controlled human studies, with very consistent conclusions about its ergogenic effects: it increases maximal strength (1RM) in resistance exercises, increases muscle power in explosive activities, increases sustained training volume (number of repetitions per set at a given percentage of 1RM), improves recovery between sets and between training sessions, and has long-term lean muscle mass increasing effects when combined with progressive resistance training. Large-scale meta-analyses published in recent decades consistently confirm these effects in different populations, from elite athletes to untrained adults, and from young adults to older adults.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for recovery and training volume:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to the acute effects of increased power and strength, creatine monohydrate supports muscle recovery between sessions, reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and accelerating the replenishment of glycogen and phosphocreatine stores. These recovery effects are especially relevant for athletes with high training frequency (5 to 7 sessions per week) or who perform double sessions, where recovery between sessions is the limiting factor for the total possible training volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegan, gluten-free, GMO-free, allergen-free:\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN's creatine monohydrate is produced by chemical synthesis (not from animal sources), making it suitable for vegan diets. The absence of any other ingredient also ensures the absence of gluten, lactose, soy, nuts, or other common allergens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose (maintenance):\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix ~3.4g (~½ scoop of 10 ml) in 200 to 250 ml of water, juice, or protein shake. Take once a day. The beneficial effect documented by the EFSA is obtained with a daily intake of 3g of creatine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTiming:\u003c\/strong\u003e Creatine can be taken at any time of day (morning, pre-workout, post-workout, or between meals) without a clinically significant difference in long-term ergogenic effect. Post-workout intake in combination with a protein and carbohydrate source is often used to facilitate muscle absorption but is not mandatory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLoading protocol (optional):\u003c\/strong\u003e To saturate muscle creatine stores more quickly (in 5 to 7 days instead of the 3 to 4 weeks of the maintenance protocol), a loading protocol of 20g\/day (4 doses of 5g) can be followed for 5 to 7 days, followed by maintenance with 3 to 5g\/day. The maintenance protocol without loading is equally effective in the long term and has better gastrointestinal tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"standard-markdown grid-cols-1 grid [\u0026amp;_\u0026gt;_*]:min-w-0 gap-3\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombinations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Can be combined with any other supplement: protein shakes, EAAs or BCAAs, carbohydrates (for absorption support), non-creatine pre-workouts (such as Amix's Yeep Pump or Applied Nutrition's ABE Pump), Glutamine, Beta-Alanine, or electrolytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"150g","offer_id":52797008249179,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"500g","offer_id":52797008281947,"sku":null,"price":14.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-CREATINEMONOHYDRATEPOWDER_200MESH_150g.webp?v=1776795270"},{"product_id":"hsn-rice-cream-1kg","title":"HSN - RICE CREAM | 1kg","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's FoodSeries Rice Cream is a powdered food preparation based on 100% pre-cooked (pre-gelatinized) rice flour, produced from natural rice grains subjected to a traditional cooking process before being re-milled into flour. This pre-gelatinization technique hydrates and gelatinizes the rice starch during cooking, preserving the starch in its native structure after drying and pulverization, which allows the resulting flour to hydrate, thicken, and achieve a creamy, porridge-like texture immediately upon contact with water (hot or cold), without the need for further cooking. Available in an unflavored (Natural) version and in flavored versions with sweetener (Chocolate, Biscuit, Vanilla, among others). Certified gluten-free and free from cross-allergens with other cereals (produced in a certified cleanroom). Vegan, non-GMO. Available in 1 kg and 3 kg packages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-gelatinization: the technology that transforms raw rice flour into ready-to-eat porridge in seconds:\u003c\/strong\u003e The fundamental difference between Rice Cream and conventional rice flour lies in the pre-gelatinization process. In raw rice flour, the starch is in its native (granular, crystalline) form, which requires prolonged cooking with hot water for the amylose and amylopectin molecules to dissociate, hydrate, and form the gel structure that characterizes the creamy texture of cooked rice. In pre-gelatinized rice flour, this process has already been carried out industrially: the rice grain is subjected to steam or wet cooking, which gelatinizes the starch, and then dried and re-milled into powder. The result is a flour whose starch is already partially hydrated and can reconstitute the gel structure simply by coming into contact with water, without the need for prolonged heat. Just mix with water (hot or cold) for a few seconds to get a creamy porridge ready to eat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of high-quality complex carbohydrates, with no added sugars and naturally low in sugars:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rice Cream is essentially pre-gelatinized rice starch, with a very low content of simple sugars (it is not hydrolyzed, maintaining the high polymerization starch structure). This characteristic distinguishes it from hydrolyzed rice flour, where enzymatic hydrolysis breaks down part of the starch into maltose and other simpler sugars, resulting in a higher glycemic index and lower thickening power. HSN Rice Cream maintains the native starch structure, resulting in more gradual digestion and absorption compared to hydrolyzed flour, making it more suitable for meals providing prolonged energy (breakfast, pre-workout) and for people who want to control their glycemic response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal guarantee of gluten-free and no cross-contamination:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rice is naturally gluten-free, but most rice flours available on the market are produced in facilities that also process other gluten-containing cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats), with a significant risk of cross-contamination. HSN Rice Cream is produced in certified cleanrooms according to international quality standards, with a total guarantee of being gluten-free and free from cross-contamination with other cereals, making it suitable for people with celiac disease and severe gluten intolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh hydration capacity: more product for less flour:\u003c\/strong\u003e The pre-gelatinized starch in Rice Cream has a much higher water absorption capacity than raw rice flour, because the amylose and amylopectin chains are already partially dissociated and ready to retain water. This greater hydrating power means that less flour is needed to obtain the same volume of creamy porridge, making the product more economical per serving than it may seem at first glance when directly comparing its price per kg with other flours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtra-fine texture and superior creaminess:\u003c\/strong\u003e The ultra-fine milling of pre-gelatinized flour results in a very homogeneous texture, with no visible particles or gritty sensation in the mouth, which approaches the texture of a properly cooked homemade rice porridge. This creamy, mousse-like consistency is especially appreciated in a sports breakfast context, where palatability and ease of consumption are crucial for the consistency of the eating routine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVersatility of combination: neutral base adaptable to any recipe:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Natural (unflavored) version of Rice Cream is a completely neutral base that does not alter the flavor profile of other ingredients it is combined with. It can be mixed with protein powder (whey, casein, plant proteins), fresh or freeze-dried fruit, peanut butter, cocoa, spices (cinnamon, vanilla), honey or sweetener, or any other ingredient according to taste and the nutritional goals of each meal. The flavored versions (Chocolate, Biscuit, Vanilla, among others) already have natural flavors and sweetener included, and can be prepared with just water for a complete and tasty porridge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGluten-free oat alternative for intolerant athletes:\u003c\/strong\u003e For athletes who are celiac or gluten-intolerant and cannot use oat flour or oat RiceMash® (which contains oats), Rice Cream is the closest functional alternative, with a comparable macronutrient profile (predominantly well-absorbed complex carbohydrates) and an equivalent texture after preparation, but 100% safe for those who cannot tolerate gluten.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBasic sports breakfast:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix 50 g in 200 to 300 ml of water (hot for a creamier and more immediate texture, cold for a denser texture) and stir well. Add protein powder, fruit, peanut butter, or other toppings to taste. The water proportion can be adjusted according to the desired consistency: less water results in thicker porridge, more water in a more fluid porridge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-workout as a sustained carbohydrate source:\u003c\/strong\u003e Consume 30 to 60 minutes before training for a gradual release energy source during the session. Its high digestibility without causing gastrointestinal discomfort even close to training makes it suitable for this use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-workout recovery meal combined with protein:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mix with whey or plant protein to obtain a recovery meal with the appropriate protein and carbohydrate profile to initiate protein synthesis and glycogen replenishment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Vanilla","offer_id":52797010313563,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Biscuit","offer_id":52797010346331,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Caramel and Peanut","offer_id":52797010379099,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Chocolate and Peanut","offer_id":52797010411867,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Custard Cream","offer_id":52797010444635,"sku":null,"price":11.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-RICECREAM.webp?v=1777503458"},{"product_id":"hsn-calcio-magnesio-vitamina-d3","title":"HSN – Calcium + Magnesium + Vitamin D3 | 120caps","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eCalcium + Magnesium + Vitamin D3 from HSN's EssentialSeries is a multimineral food supplement in vegan tablets based on three fundamental nutrients for bone, muscle, and nervous system health: Calcium (via tricalcium phosphate, which simultaneously provides Calcium and Phosphorus), Magnesium (via Magnesium Citrate, a highly bioavailable form), and Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol obtained from lichen, the only available plant source of Vitamin D3, suitable for vegans). Conventional Vitamin D3 is obtained from sheep's wool lanolin, making it unsuitable for vegan diets. HSN uses Vitamin D3 from lichen, a symbiotic organism of non-animal origin, making the product 100% vegan. Dosage: 2 tablets 3 times a day before each meal (6 tablets\/day total). 120 tablets (20-day supply at full dose).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe essential trio for bone health: Calcium + Phosphorus + Vitamin D3 with Magnesium support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bone health requires the synergistic action of multiple nutrients. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with over 99% of the total body amount located in bones and teeth, where it constitutes the predominant structural mineral. Phosphorus, supplied by tricalcium phosphate simultaneously with Calcium, is the second most abundant mineral in bones, forming with Calcium the calcium hydroxyapatite [Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂], the mineral that gives mechanical strength to bone tissue. Magnesium, although present in a lower bone concentration (~1% of total body), is essential for the activity of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and for normal bone matrix mineralization. Vitamin D3 is the indispensable endocrine cofactor for intestinal Calcium absorption: without sufficient Vitamin D3, intestinal Calcium absorption drops from ~30-40% to only ~10-15%, making any Calcium supplementation much less effective in the absence of adequate Vitamin D3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCalcium via tricalcium phosphate: high density of simultaneous Calcium and Phosphorus:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tricalcium phosphate is the calcium salt used as a source of the two most important minerals of the bone matrix (Calcium and Phosphorus) in a single molecule. It has a high percentage of elemental Calcium (~38.8% by weight of the salt) compared to calcium citrate (~21%) or calcium carbonate (~40%), with an intermediate bioavailability that is greatly improved by co-administration with Vitamin D3 (which is present in the formula). The daily dose provides 125% of the European NRV of Calcium (800 mg NRV; 125% = 1000 mg elemental Calcium), fully covering the daily calcium needs of healthy adults.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnesium Citrate: high bioavailability for the multiple physiological functions of Magnesium:\u003c\/strong\u003e Magnesium Citrate is one of the forms of Magnesium with the highest oral bioavailability, with studies documenting absorption 2 to 3 times higher than magnesium oxide (the cheapest and most common form). Magnesium has 8 EFSA-approved health claims, covering virtually all physiological systems: reduction of fatigue, electrolyte balance, energy metabolism, nervous system function, muscle function, protein synthesis, psychological function, and maintenance of normal bones and teeth. The inclusion of Magnesium in this formula is especially relevant because Magnesium is a cofactor of the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase, responsible for the conversion of Vitamin D into calcidiol and calcitriol (the biologically active forms), making Magnesium essential for the functional activation of Vitamin D.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLichen Vitamin D3: the only plant source of Vitamin D3, suitable for vegans:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is naturally produced in human skin by the action of solar UVB radiation and is found in animal-derived food sources (fish liver oils, fatty fish, egg yolk, dairy products). The conventional source of Vitamin D3 for supplementation is lanolin (sheep's wool wax), which is not vegan. Lichen is a symbiotic organism (alga + fungus) that produces Vitamin D3 through UVB exposure, being the only known plant source of Vitamin D3 currently commercially exploited for supplementation. HSN uses Vitamin D3 from lichen, making the product 100% suitable for vegan diets, unlike most Calcium + Vitamin D3 supplements available on the market. Lichen Vitamin D3 has bioavailability equivalent to that of animal origin in comparative pharmacokinetic studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEFSA-approved health claims for Calcium, Magnesium, and Vitamin D3:\u003c\/strong\u003e The combination of the three nutrients in this formula covers a very complete set of EFSA-approved health claims, including: Calcium and Vitamin D are needed for the maintenance of normal bones and normal teeth; Vitamin D contributes to normal absorption\/utilisation of calcium and phosphorus; Vitamin D contributes to normal muscle function and immune function; Vitamin D and Calcium reduce the risk of falls associated with postural instability and muscle weakness in adults aged 60 years and over; Vitamin D and Calcium contribute to the reduction of bone mineral loss in post-menopausal women (low bone mineral density is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures). This last statement is especially relevant for women over 50, where Calcium + Vitamin D supplementation is one of the nutraceutical interventions with the highest level of evidence for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupport for muscle function and cramp prevention:\u003c\/strong\u003e In addition to its role in bone health, Magnesium plays a critical role in normal muscle function, being the physiological antagonist of Calcium in regulating muscle contraction\/relaxation. Calcium promotes the contraction of muscle fibers, and Magnesium is necessary for subsequent relaxation (by competing with Calcium for binding sites on troponin and by activating Ca2+-ATPase pumps that remove Calcium from the cytoplasm). Magnesium deficiency results in neuromuscular hyperexcitability which clinically manifests as cramps, muscle spasms, and fasciculations. The combination of Calcium, Magnesium, and Vitamin D3 in this formula covers the three nutrients with the most relevance for integrated musculoskeletal health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 2 tablets 3 times a day before each meal (total: 6 tablets\/day). Taking them before meals improves Calcium absorption in the intestine, as the acidic environment of the stomach during digestion facilitates the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePopulations with increased needs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Especially relevant for post-menopausal women (increased risk of osteoporosis), elderly individuals over 65 (reduced intestinal absorption of Calcium and Vitamin D with age), people on vegan or dairy-free diets (lower dietary intake of Calcium and Vitamin D3), and people with limited sun exposure (insufficient Vitamin D from skin synthesis).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52798764646747,"sku":null,"price":12.64,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-CALCIO_MAGNESIO_VITAMINAD3.webp?v=1777504094"},{"product_id":"hsn-refeicao-pronta-estilo-fit","title":"HSN - Ready Meal (Fit Style)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN's FoodSeries Fit Style Ready Meals are complete, traditionally cooked meals, packaged in individual trays in a protective atmosphere, specially developed for athletes and people who lead an active lifestyle and need nutritious, balanced, and ready-to-eat meals, without sacrificing flavour or ingredient quality. Each 420g tray is a complete meal based on chicken (lean protein with high biological value) combined with a source of complex carbohydrates (rice, pasta, or bulgur) and accompanied by a sauce inspired by a different international cuisine: French style (mustard), Indian (curry), Asian (soy sauce), Mexican (spicy sauce), or Italian (tomato sauce). The formula is ready in 2 and a half minutes in the microwave, requires no refrigeration, and can be stored on a shelf for months.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailable recipes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"[li_\u0026amp;]:mb-0 [li_\u0026amp;]:mt-1 [li_\u0026amp;]:gap-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [\u0026amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\"\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBulgur with Chicken in French Style Sauce\u003c\/strong\u003e (mustard)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRice with Chicken in Indian Style Sauce\u003c\/strong\u003e (curry)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRice with Chicken in Asian Style Sauce\u003c\/strong\u003e (soy sauce)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRice with Chicken in Mexican Style Spicy Sauce\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePasta with Chicken in Italian Style Sauce\u003c\/strong\u003e (tomato)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eNo additives, no preservatives, no artificial flavours, no colourings, no thickeners. 100% real food, natural ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReal food without additives: only ingredients you recognise from a homemade recipe:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vast majority of ready meals available on the market extensively use food additives for preservation, texture, flavour, and colour: preservatives (E200, E202, E210), thickeners (E1422, E1412), artificial flavours, flavour enhancers (E621), colourings (E150, E160), and other compounds you would never use in a homemade recipe. HSN's Fit Ready Meals dispense with all these additives thanks to the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system, which replaces the air inside the packaging with a mixture of inert food gases (CO₂ and N₂) that inhibit microbial growth and food oxidation without the need for any chemical preservatives. The result is a meal with an ingredient list as simple as a homemade recipe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh content of high-quality biological chicken protein:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chicken is the main protein source in all Fit recipes, chosen for being one of the meats with the best essential amino acid profile and one of the lowest saturated fat densities available. The biological quality of chicken protein is close to that of eggs and whey (PDCAAS close to 1.0), with a complete essential amino acid profile and a leucine\/total protein ratio especially favourable for stimulating muscle protein synthesis. Each 420g tray provides approximately 30g of protein, the equivalent of a complete protein meal to support muscle mass growth and maintenance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplex carbohydrates with a moderate glycaemic index:\u003c\/strong\u003e The carbohydrate bases used in Fit recipes (white rice, pasta, wheat bulgur) are sources of complex carbohydrates with gradual digestion, which provide energy more sustainably and with a lower glycaemic peak than simple carbohydrates. Each tray provides approximately 90 to 95g of carbohydrates, a balanced amount that provides enough energy for a workout or as a post-workout recovery meal, without being excessive for people in a calorie control phase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow saturated fat content: lean meats and quality oils:\u003c\/strong\u003e The selection of leaner chicken parts (breast, skinless thigh) and the use of olive oil or rapeseed oil for the sauces (instead of butter or heavy creams) keeps the total fat content moderate and the saturated fat content low. The international sauces that accompany each recipe are formulated in a \"fit\" way: lighter, lower-calorie versions of traditional sauces that preserve the characteristic flavour of each cuisine without the caloric impact of the original versions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoom temperature storage for months: the perfect logistical solution:\u003c\/strong\u003e The modified atmosphere packaging system allows ready meals to be stored at room temperature (without the need for a refrigerator or freezer) for several months, without significant loss of nutritional or organoleptic properties. This feature is especially relevant for: athletes who want to maintain a stock of healthy meals without relying on refrigerator space, people who need meals for work or travel without the need for a cold chain, and consumers looking for a nutritious, long-lasting alternative to keep at home for emergencies or when time is short.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReady in 2 and a half minutes, no cooking utensils needed:\u003c\/strong\u003e The tray goes directly into the microwave (piercing the top film), without the need to transfer to other containers, no pots, no pans, no defrosting time. Alternative: pour the contents into a frying pan and heat over medium heat for 10 minutes. Let cool slightly before consuming. Extreme practicality is one of the main differentiators of this product compared to available alternatives (frozen meals that require defrosting, packaging that requires additional utensils, or manual preparation of rice with chicken that takes 30 to 40 minutes).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariety of international flavours: anti-monotony solution for high-protein diets:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of the biggest challenges of structured high-protein diets (typical for athletes in cutting or bulking phases) is food monotony: white rice with grilled chicken breast, repeated daily, makes any diet psychologically difficult to maintain long-term. HSN's 5 Fit recipes, with their curry, soy, mustard, tomato, and spice sauces, offer real flavour variety and gastronomic experience without departing from the balanced nutritional profile that a fitness diet requires.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreparation method:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pierce the top film of the tray and place in the microwave at maximum power for 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Alternative: pour the contents into a frying pan and heat over medium heat for 10 minutes. Let cool slightly before consuming.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen to consume:\u003c\/strong\u003e As a complete lunch or dinner meal, before or after training, or as a practical option to take to work without the need for a refrigerated lunchbox. For people with a larger appetite or in a muscle gain phase, it can be combined with an additional protein source (eggs, Greek yoghurt) or with a salad to increase the volume and total nutritional value of the meal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e At room temperature, in a cool, dry place away from direct light. Always check the expiry date indicated on the packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Asian","offer_id":52811897602395,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Indian","offer_id":52811897635163,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Mexican","offer_id":52811897667931,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"French","offer_id":52811897700699,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false},{"title":"Italian","offer_id":52811897733467,"sku":null,"price":5.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-REFEICAOPRONTAESTILOFIT_asianstyle.webp?v=1777502385"},{"product_id":"hsn-omega-3-6-9-120caps-1000mg","title":"HSN - OMEGA 3-6-9 | 120 caps (1000mg)","description":"\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN EssentialSeries Omega 3-6-9 1000 mg is a softgel dietary supplement based on a combination of three natural oils that cover the full spectrum of essential and semi-essential fatty acids from the omega 3, omega 6, and omega 9 families: fish oil (source of EPA and DHA omega 3), evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis, source of GLA omega 6), and flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum, source of ALA omega 3, linoleic acid omega 6, and oleic acid omega 9). Natural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol) is specifically included as a protective antioxidant for polyunsaturated fatty acids against lipid peroxidation, preserving the integrity and potency of the oils until consumption. Dosage: 1 softgel twice a day with meals. Available in 120 and 150 softgels. Contains gelatin (not vegan) and fish oil (not suitable for strict vegetarians).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFull spectrum coverage of essential and semi-essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in a single formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e The human body cannot endogenously synthesize essential fatty acids (ALA and linoleic acid), which must be supplied through diet or supplementation. In addition to essential fatty acids, DHA, EPA, and GLA, while technically synthesizable from essential precursors, are often referred to as \"conditionally essential\" given that the efficiency of endogenous conversion is very limited: the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA in the human body has an efficiency of less than 5%, making direct supplementation of these long-chain forms practically necessary to achieve plasma levels associated with the benefits documented in clinical studies. The Omega 3-6-9 1000 mg formula directly provides EPA, DHA, GLA, and ALA, avoiding reliance on limited endogenous conversion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEPA and DHA from fish oil: EFSA approved health claims for heart, brain, and vision:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fish oil (18% EPA + 12% DHA) is the source of the two long-chain omega 3 fatty acids with the strongest clinical evidence base and EFSA approved health claims. EPA and DHA contribute to normal heart function (effect obtained with a daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA). DHA contributes to the maintenance of normal brain function (effect obtained with a daily intake of 250 mg of DHA). DHA contributes to the maintenance of normal vision (effect obtained with a daily intake of 250 mg of DHA). DHA and EPA contribute to the maintenance of normal blood triglyceride levels (effect obtained with a daily intake of 3 g of EPA and DHA). EPA and DHA contribute to the maintenance of normal blood pressure (effect obtained with a daily intake of 3 g of EPA and DHA). Maternal intake of DHA contributes to the normal brain and visual development of the fetus and breastfed infant. Each daily dose of 2 softgels provides 360 mg of EPA + 240 mg of DHA = 600 mg total EPA+DHA, comfortably covering the minimum effective doses for heart, brain, and vision claims.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlaxseed oil: plant-based ALA omega 3 and the only EFSA-declared essential omega 3 fatty acid for cholesterol:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) is the source of ALA (alpha-linolenic acid, C18:3 n-3), the plant-based essential omega 3 fatty acid. ALA has a specific EFSA-approved health claim, different from those of EPA and DHA: ALA contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels (effect obtained with a daily intake of 2 g of ALA). In addition to ALA, flaxseed oil contains linoleic acid (omega 6) and oleic acid (omega 9, the same predominant monounsaturated fatty acid in olive oil), broadening the spectrum of fatty acids in the formula.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGLA from evening primrose oil: the rarest long-chain omega 6 fatty acid in the Western diet:\u003c\/strong\u003e Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) is the source of GLA (gamma-linolenic acid, C18:3 n-6), standardized to 10% GLA. GLA is a long-chain omega 6 fatty acid that differs from linoleic acid (the most common omega 6 in the diet) by being in the second stage of the omega 6 elongation\/desaturation pathway, already after the action of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme. This enzyme often has reduced activity in contexts of chronic inflammation, zinc and magnesium deficiency, high intake of saturated and trans fats, and aging, making direct supplementation with GLA particularly relevant in these situations. GLA is the precursor of DGLA (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid), which in turn is a precursor of series-1 prostaglandins (PGE1), which have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and anti-platelet aggregation properties that complement the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EPA (which is a precursor of series-3 prostaglandins and resolvins\/protectins). GLA has specific clinical evidence bases for supporting skin health (atopic dermatitis, acne), premenstrual syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNatural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol): essential antioxidant to protect polyunsaturated oils from oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are inherently chemically unstable due to their multiple double bonds, which are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation by free radicals. This instability increases with the degree of unsaturation: DHA (6 double bonds) is significantly more oxidizable than EPA (5 double bonds), which is more oxidizable than ALA (3 double bonds). Rancid (oxidized) omega 3 oil not only loses its beneficial properties but can also produce lipid peroxidation products (aldehydes, malondialdehyde) with pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory potential. Natural Vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopherol) is the main fat-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes and is especially effective in protecting PUFA: it incorporates into lipid membranes and oil droplets, interrupting free radical peroxidation chains before they cause extensive degradation of fatty acids. Its inclusion in the formula is essential to ensure the stability of the oils throughout the product's shelf life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe omega 3\/omega 6 ratio in the Western diet: why combined supplementation is relevant:\u003c\/strong\u003e The contemporary Western diet has an omega 6\/omega 3 ratio typically between 15:1 and 20:1, much higher than the 1:1 to 4:1 ratio that researchers associate with lower chronic inflammation and lower cardiovascular risk. This imbalance results from the very high consumption of vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid (soy, sunflower, corn, which predominate in processed foods) and low intake of fatty fish. Excess omega 6 (especially linoleic acid) competes with omega 3 for the same delta-6-desaturase enzyme, reducing the endogenous synthesis of EPA and DHA from ALA. HSN's Omega 3-6-9 1000 mg helps increase the intake of EPA and DHA (the most biologically active long-chain omega 3s) and GLA (which, unlike linoleic acid, has preferentially anti-inflammatory effects).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUsage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 softgel twice a day with meals (total: 2 softgels\/day). Taking with meals containing other lipids (dietary fats) significantly improves the absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, as the presence of dietary fat stimulates the secretion of bile and pancreatic lipases necessary for the emulsification and absorption of the softgels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e After opening, store in a cool place (below 25°C), dry, and dark to preserve the stability of the oils. Polyunsaturated oils are sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52811931615579,"sku":null,"price":14.9,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-OMEGA3-6-9_1000mg.webp?v=1776793807"},{"product_id":"hsn-bcaas-2-1-1-2-0-instant","title":"HSN - BCAAs 2:1:1 2.0 INSTANT | 500g","description":"\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN RawSeries BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant is a supplement of \u003cstrong\u003e100% pure powdered branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)\u003c\/strong\u003e, with the classic and most studied \u003cstrong\u003e2:1:1 ratio (L-Leucine:L-Isoleucine:L-Valine)\u003c\/strong\u003e, from \u003cstrong\u003evegetable fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e — without any animal-derived ingredients. 100% vegan and vegetarian. The \u003cstrong\u003eInstant\u003c\/strong\u003e (2.0) version has been optimized for \u003cstrong\u003emaximum solubility in cold water\u003c\/strong\u003e — micronization of particle size facilitates dispersion and prevents powder settling at the bottom of the glass. The unflavored version has an absolutely minimalist composition: only the three pure BCAAs, without additives, without sweeteners, without colorings. \u003cstrong\u003e5g per serving. Available in 150g, 300g, 500g and 1kg. Vegan.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients (unflavored version):\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Leucine* + L-Isoleucine* + L-Valine* (*from vegetable fermentation). No other ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients (flavored versions):\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Leucine* + L-Isoleucine* + L-Valine* + Citric acid + Flavoring + Sweeteners. (*from vegetable fermentation).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs: the three essential branched-chain amino acids that muscles use most during training:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs\u003c\/strong\u003e (Branched-Chain Amino Acids) are a subgroup of 3 of the 9 essential amino acids that share a unique structural feature: a branched aliphatic side chain (where the name comes from) that gives them distinct metabolic properties from other essential amino acids. The three BCAAs — \u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine\u003c\/strong\u003e — are essential (the human body does not synthesize them endogenously and relies entirely on dietary or supplemental intake), and are especially relevant for athletes because they are the most abundant amino acids in skeletal muscle (~35% of total muscle protein is made up of BCAAs) and the most used as fuel during high-intensity exercise (BCAAs are catabolized directly in the muscle, unlike other amino acids which are predominantly metabolized in the liver).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe 2:1:1 ratio: the classic balance between leucine and the other two BCAAs:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e2:1:1 ratio (Leucine:Isoleucine:Valine)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the BCAA ratio naturally found in high-quality proteins (whey, meat, egg) and the most clinically studied as a BCAA supplement. The 2:1:1 ratio ensures that isoleucine and valine are present in sufficient doses to perform their specific functions — isoleucine stimulates glucose uptake by muscles and supports post-workout glycogen resynthesis (via a leucine-independent mechanism), and valine contributes to muscle energy metabolism and nitrogen regulation. Unlike high-leucine ratios (such as 4:1:1, 8:1:1, or 12:1:1, which maximize mTORC1 activation by leucine but reduce the relative presence of the other two BCAAs), the 2:1:1 maintains a balanced profile of the three amino acids — which is why HSN describes 2:1:1 as \"the most balanced\" of the available ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine: the mTORC1 activator and the most critical BCAA for muscle protein synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine\u003c\/strong\u003e (the BCAA in the largest proportion in the 2:1:1 ratio) is the amino acid with the greatest direct impact on muscle protein synthesis among all essential amino acids. Leucine activates \u003cstrong\u003emTORC1\u003c\/strong\u003e (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) — the central protein complex of anabolic signaling in muscle cells — via the Ragulator-RAG GTPase complex and the SESN2 protein (which acts as an intracellular leucine sensor). When the intracellular leucine concentration exceeds the activation threshold (~0.7 to 1 mM in plasma), mTORC1 is activated and initiates the phosphorylation of translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1 and p70 S6K1), triggering the synthesis of new muscle proteins. The meta-analysis by Moro et al. (2021) documented that supplementation with leucine-rich BCAAs increased muscle protein synthesis and reduced markers of post-workout muscle damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Isoleucine: glucose uptake and muscle glycogen resynthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Isoleucine\u003c\/strong\u003e has distinct and complementary functions to leucine in muscle metabolism. Its most documented role is the \u003cstrong\u003estimulation of glucose uptake by myocytes\u003c\/strong\u003e via an insulin-independent mechanism — isoleucine promotes the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the membrane of muscle cells, increasing glucose uptake even in states of low insulinemia (such as during fasted training). This effect makes isoleucine especially relevant for endurance or long-duration training, where maintaining muscle glycogen stores is critical for performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Valine: the anti-fatigue and nitrogen metabolism regulator:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Valine\u003c\/strong\u003e is the BCAA with the least isolated evidence but with functions supporting nitrogen metabolism and the reduction of central fatigue during exercise. Valine competes with tryptophan (the precursor of brain serotonin) for the same long-chain neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) at the blood-brain barrier — by increasing the plasma concentration of valine (and other BCAAs), competition for the transporter reduces tryptophan entry into the brain and therefore serotonin synthesis, delaying central fatigue during prolonged exercise (central fatigue is partly mediated by increased brain serotonin during long-duration exercise).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegetable fermentation: the Asian technology that eliminates animal sources of amino acids:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe most important difference of HSN's BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant compared to the vast majority of BCAA supplements on the market is its \u003cstrong\u003e100% vegetable origin through fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e. Most amino acids (including BCAAs) marketed are obtained by hydrolysis of human hair, bird feathers, or other animal sources — which creates serious ethical conflicts and makes most BCAA supplements unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans. HSN uses a bacterial fermentation technique of vegetable substrates (sugars and starches of vegetable origin), developed by the most advanced biotechnology laboratories worldwide, to obtain L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine of identical purity (100%) and nutritional quality equivalent to animal-sourced amino acids, but without any animal-derived ingredients. This process makes BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant one of the few pure BCAA supplements on the market genuinely suitable for vegans and vegetarians.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstant 2.0 Solubility: the technological upgrade over conventional BCAAs:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe number \u003cstrong\u003e2.0\u003c\/strong\u003e in the name refers to the version with optimized solubility — HSN applied reduced particle size micronization to the three amino acids, which facilitates dispersion in cold water and reduces powder settling at the bottom of the glass. Powdered BCAAs have historically had a solubility problem — they tend to form a layer of undissolved powder at the bottom of the shaker or glass, especially in cold water. The Instant 2.0 formulation partially solves this problem, resulting in a more homogeneous suspension that remains dispersed for longer — especially relevant for intra-workout use in a shaker carried to the gym.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dosage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dissolve 5g (approximately half of a 10ml scoop) in 200ml of water. Can be consumed before, during, or after training. For intra-workout use, prepare a solution of 5 to 10g in 400 to 500ml of water and drink throughout the session. To improve the palatability of the unflavored version (which has the characteristic bitter taste of BCAAs), mix with diluted fruit juice, isotonic sports drink, or protein shake. \u003cstrong\u003eCombines directly with Creatine Monohydrate\u003c\/strong\u003e (mix in the same shaker without absorption interference) and with \u003cstrong\u003eMaltodextrin\u003c\/strong\u003e (which further improves the colloidal suspension of BCAAs in water).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52981623718235,"sku":null,"price":26.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-BCAA_s211Instantaneo2.0_500g.png?v=1778755338"},{"product_id":"hsn-biotin-complex-450mcg","title":"HSN - BIOTIN COMPLEX | 450mcg","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHSN RawSeries's\u003c\/strong\u003e BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant is a supplement of \u003cstrong\u003e100% pure powdered branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)\u003c\/strong\u003e, with the classic and most studied \u003cstrong\u003e2:1:1 ratio (L-Leucine:L-Isoleucine:L-Valine)\u003c\/strong\u003e, from \u003cstrong\u003evegetable fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e — without any animal-derived ingredients. 100% vegan and vegetarian. The \u003cstrong\u003eInstant\u003c\/strong\u003e (2.0) version has been optimized for \u003cstrong\u003emaximum solubility in cold water\u003c\/strong\u003e — the micronization of particle size facilitates dispersion and prevents powder settling at the bottom of the glass. Absolutely minimalist composition in the unflavored version: only the three BCAAs in pure form, without additives, without sweeteners, without colorants. \u003cstrong\u003e5g per serving. Available in 150g, 300g, 500g, and 1kg. Vegan.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients (unflavored version):\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Leucine* + L-Isoleucine* + L-Valine* (*from vegetable fermentation). No other ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients (flavored versions):\u003c\/strong\u003e L-Leucine* + L-Isoleucine* + L-Valine* + Citric acid + Flavor + Sweeteners. (*from vegetable fermentation).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs: the three essential branched-chain amino acids most used by muscle during training:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBCAAs\u003c\/strong\u003e (Branched-Chain Amino Acids) are a subgroup of 3 of the 9 essential amino acids that share a unique structural characteristic: a branched aliphatic side chain (hence the name) that gives them distinct metabolic properties from other essential amino acids. The three BCAAs — \u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine\u003c\/strong\u003e — are essential (the human body does not synthesize them endogenously and relies entirely on dietary or supplemental intake), and are especially relevant for athletes because they are the most abundant amino acids in skeletal muscle (~35% of total muscle protein consists of BCAAs) and the most used as fuel during high-intensity exercise (BCAAs are catabolized directly in muscle, unlike other amino acids which are predominantly metabolized in the liver).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe 2:1:1 ratio: the classic balance between leucine and the other two BCAAs:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e2:1:1 ratio (Leucine:Isoleucine:Valine)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the BCAA ratio naturally found in high-quality proteins (whey, meat, egg) and the most clinically studied as a BCAA supplement. The 2:1:1 ratio ensures that isoleucine and valine are present in sufficient doses to perform their specific functions — isoleucine stimulates glucose uptake by muscles and supports post-workout glycogen resynthesis (via a mechanism independent of leucine), and valine contributes to muscle energy metabolism and nitrogen regulation. Unlike high-leucine ratios (such as 4:1:1, 8:1:1, or 12:1:1, which maximize mTORC1 activation by leucine but reduce the relative presence of the other two BCAAs), the 2:1:1 maintains a balanced profile of the three amino acids — the reason why HSN describes 2:1:1 as \"the most balanced\" of the available ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine: the mTORC1 activator and the most critical BCAA for muscle protein synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Leucine\u003c\/strong\u003e (the BCAA in the largest proportion in the 2:1:1 ratio) is the amino acid with the greatest direct impact on muscle protein synthesis among all essential amino acids. Leucine activates \u003cstrong\u003emTORC1\u003c\/strong\u003e (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1) — the central protein complex of anabolic signaling in muscle cells — via the Ragulator-RAG GTPase complex and the SESN2 protein (which acts as an intracellular leucine sensor). When the intracellular leucine concentration exceeds the activation threshold (~0.7 to 1 mM in plasma), mTORC1 is activated and initiates the phosphorylation of translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1 and p70 S6K1), triggering the synthesis of new muscle proteins. The meta-analysis by Moro et al. (2021) documented that supplementation with leucine-rich BCAAs increased muscle protein synthesis and reduced markers of muscle damage post-workout.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Isoleucine: glucose uptake and muscle glycogen resynthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Isoleucine\u003c\/strong\u003e has distinct and complementary functions to leucine in muscle metabolism. Its most documented role is the \u003cstrong\u003estimulation of glucose uptake by myocytes\u003c\/strong\u003e via an insulin-independent mechanism — isoleucine promotes the translocation of GLUT4 transporters to the membrane of muscle cells, increasing glucose uptake even in states of low insulinemia (such as during fasted training). This effect makes isoleucine especially relevant for endurance or long-duration training, where maintaining muscle glycogen stores is critical for performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Valine: the anti-fatigue and nitrogen metabolism regulator:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL-Valine\u003c\/strong\u003e is the BCAA with the least isolated evidence but with functions supporting nitrogen metabolism and reducing central fatigue during exercise. Valine competes with tryptophan (the precursor of brain serotonin) for the same long-chain neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) at the blood-brain barrier — by increasing the plasma concentration of valine (and other BCAAs), competition for the transporter reduces tryptophan entry into the brain and therefore serotonin synthesis, delaying central fatigue during prolonged exercise (central fatigue is partially mediated by increased brain serotonin during long-duration exercise).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVegetable fermentation: the Asian technology that eliminates animal sources of amino acids:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe most important differentiator of HSN's BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant compared to the vast majority of BCAA supplements on the market is its \u003cstrong\u003e100% vegetable origin through fermentation\u003c\/strong\u003e. Most amino acids (including BCAAs) marketed are obtained by hydrolysis of human hair, bird feathers, or other animal sources — which creates serious ethical conflicts and makes most BCAA supplements unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans. HSN uses a bacterial fermentation technique of vegetable substrates (sugars and starches of plant origin), developed by the most advanced biotechnology laboratories worldwide, to obtain L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine of identical purity (100%) and nutritional quality equivalent to animal-sourced amino acids, but without any animal-derived ingredients. This process makes BCAA's 2:1:1 2.0 Instant one of the few pure BCAA supplements on the market genuinely suitable for vegans and vegetarians.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInstant 2.0 solubility: the technological upgrade compared to conventional BCAAs:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe number \u003cstrong\u003e2.0\u003c\/strong\u003e in the name refers to the version with optimized solubility — HSN applied reduced particle size micronization to the three amino acids, which facilitates dispersion in cold water and reduces powder settling at the bottom of the glass. Powdered BCAAs have historically had a solubility problem — they tend to form a layer of undissolved powder at the bottom of the shaker or glass, especially in cold water. The Instant 2.0 formulation partially solves this problem, resulting in a more homogeneous suspension that remains dispersed for longer — especially relevant for intra-workout use in a shaker taken to the gym.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dissolve 5g (approximately half a 10ml scoop) in 200ml of water. Can be consumed before, during, or after training. For intra-workout use, prepare a solution of 5 to 10g in 400 to 500ml of water and drink throughout the session. To improve the palatability of the unflavored version (which has the characteristic bitter taste of BCAAs), mix with diluted fruit juice, isotonic sports drink, or with a protein shake. \u003cstrong\u003eCombines directly with Creatine Monohydrate\u003c\/strong\u003e (mix in the same shaker without interference with absorption) and with \u003cstrong\u003eMaltodextrin\u003c\/strong\u003e (which additionally improves the colloidal suspension of BCAAs in water).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\"\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52981643706715,"sku":null,"price":12.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-BIOTINCOMPLEX_450mcg.webp?v=1778755742"},{"product_id":"hsn-inositol-poweder-150g","title":"HSN - INOSITOL POWDER | 150g","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHSN RawSeries's\u003c\/strong\u003e Inositol Powder is a supplement made of \u003cstrong\u003e100% pure Myo-Inositol powder\u003c\/strong\u003e, without any additives, sweeteners, flavorings, or excipients — just inositol in its most studied and biologically active form. HSN explicitly states that it uses the \u003cstrong\u003eMyo-Inositol\u003c\/strong\u003e stereoisomeric configuration (the isomer that accounts for \u0026gt;90% of inositol studied in scientific literature) instead of unspecified isomers, as is the case with most inositol products on the market. \u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose: 1500mg\/day. Vegan. Gluten-free. Allergen-free. 100% pure.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Myo-Inositol (100% pure). No other ingredients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Inositol and why Myo-Inositol is the relevant isomer:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInositol\u003c\/strong\u003e (cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol) is a cyclic 6-carbon polyol with 9 possible stereoisomeric configurations (epimers), of which \u003cstrong\u003eMyo-Inositol\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most abundant in human tissues (\u0026gt;90% of total body inositol) and the most clinically studied. Myo-Inositol is not technically a vitamin (the body can synthesize it from glucose-6-phosphate by inositol-3-phosphate synthase), but it is classically included in the B vitamin group (B7 or B8 in some old classifications) for its function as a second messenger in multiple cellular signaling systems. It is the precursor of \u003cstrong\u003ephosphatidylinositol\u003c\/strong\u003e (PI, the main signaling phospholipid of cell membranes) and \u003cstrong\u003ephosphoinositides\u003c\/strong\u003e (PIP, PIP2, PIP3 — the second-line lipid messengers of multiple signaling pathways including the insulin pathway, PI3-kinase, and mTOR). HSN Inositol Powder ensures that you are consuming the correct and most studied form of inositol, eliminating the ambiguity that exists when other products simply state \"inositol\" without specifying the isomer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsulin signaling and insulin sensitivity: the central mechanism of Myo-Inositol:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe most documented mechanism of action of Myo-Inositol in clinical studies is its involvement in the \u003cstrong\u003einsulin signaling pathway\u003c\/strong\u003e. Myo-Inositol is the starting substrate for the synthesis of \u003cstrong\u003eIPG\u003c\/strong\u003e (inositol phosphoglycan) — a second messenger that is released from the cell membrane in response to insulin and intracellularly activates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and other enzymes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. In conditions of insulin resistance (such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome — PCOS, type 2 diabetes, and pre-diabetes), IPG synthesis and signaling are compromised, and Myo-Inositol supplementation can partially restore insulin sensitivity by providing the starting substrate for IPG synthesis. The meta-analysis by Unfer et al. (2016), published in the International Journal of Endocrinology with data from 13 randomized clinical trials in women with PCOS, documented that Myo-Inositol supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity, hormonal profile (reduction of androgens), menstrual regularity, and fertility parameters compared to placebo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): the clinical use with the most evidence for Myo-Inositol:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCOS\u003c\/strong\u003e (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age (affecting 5 to 10% of women), characterized by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism (excess androgens), chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Myo-Inositol is currently the supplement with the most clinical evidence for the nutritional management of PCOS — multiple randomized clinical trials have documented that 2000mg to 4000mg\/day of Myo-Inositol improve menstrual regularity, reduce serum androgens (free testosterone, androstenedione), improve oocyte and embryo quality, reduce insulin resistance, and improve lipid profile. The standard recommendation in scientific literature is the combination of Myo-Inositol with D-Chiro-Inositol in a 40:1 ratio (the ratio that best mimics the physiological plasma concentrations of the two isomers), but pure Myo-Inositol (like HSN's Inositol Powder) is effective standalone at doses of 2000 to 4000mg\/day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMental health: anxiety, depression, and OCD:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eInositol has a second well-documented axis of action in clinical studies: mental health. Myo-Inositol is a second messenger of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems — it is the substrate of the phosphoinositol cycle in neurons, which mediates the intracellular response of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, muscarinic receptors, and other GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors). Deficits in the phosphoinositol cycle have been proposed as a contributing mechanism to depression, anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Multiple clinical trials with high doses of Myo-Inositol (12 to 18g\/day, much higher than the HSN dose of 1500mg) have documented effects comparable to fluvoxamine in OCD, alprazolam in panic, and fluoxetine in depression — with a lower incidence of side effects. HSN's 1500mg\/day dose is a preventive and supportive dose for serotonergic signaling balance; for more pronounced therapeutic effects on mental health, doses of 6 to 18g\/day are documented in trials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic and liver health: the role of Inositol in hepatic fat metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAs already described in the sections on \u003cstrong\u003eInositol\u003c\/strong\u003e included as an ingredient in Marvelous Nutrition's \u003cstrong\u003eAlive\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAmputation\u003c\/strong\u003e (Marvelous), and \u003cstrong\u003eVitamin\u003c\/strong\u003e (Marvelous), Inositol is an essential structural component of hepatocyte membrane phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol) and is necessary for the liver's export of triglycerides via VLDL. Inositol deficiency (along with choline deficiency) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — the excess of triglycerides in the liver resulting from the inability to export them via VLDL due to a lack of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. For athletes on hypocaloric diets rich in fat (ketogenic, low-carb) or with high occasional alcohol consumption, inositol support is relevant for liver health.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1500mg\/day: HSN's reference dose based on the most robust studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN clearly states that the recommended dose is \u003cstrong\u003e1500mg\/day of pure Myo-Inositol\u003c\/strong\u003e — based on insulin sensitivity and PCOS studies that used doses of 1000 to 2000mg\/day as the minimum effective dose. This dose transparency is another differentiator for HSN compared to products that do not specify the dose or use doses below documented efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dissolve 1500mg (check included scoop) in 200 to 300ml of water, juice, or any beverage. Can be added to protein shakes or smoothies without interfering with absorption. Consume once a day, preferably with breakfast. For use in PCOS or as female hormonal support, the dose can be increased to 2000 to 4000mg\/day (2 to 3 doses) — consult a healthcare professional. Inositol Powder has a virtually neutral taste and dissolves easily in cold water.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52981687124315,"sku":null,"price":17.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-INOSITOLPOWEDER_150g.webp?v=1778756449"},{"product_id":"hsn-vitamin-k2-100mcg","title":"HSN - VITAMIN K2 | 100mcg","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN EssentialSeries Vitamin K2 is a \u003cstrong\u003eVitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) form)\u003c\/strong\u003e supplement in HPMC vegetable capsules, with \u003cstrong\u003e100mcg of Vitamin K2-MK7 per capsule\u003c\/strong\u003e — the K2 form with the longest plasma half-life, highest tissue biodistribution, and strongest clinical evidence for bone and cardiovascular health among all vitamin K2 subtypes. Derived from \u003cstrong\u003enatto\u003c\/strong\u003e (fermented, non-GMO soy), plant-based — entirely suitable for vegans and vegetarians. \u003cstrong\u003e1 capsule\/day. Vegan. Gluten-free.\u003c\/strong\u003e HSN exclusively uses the MK-7 form (menaquinone with 7 carbons in the side chain) because it has the best pharmacokinetic profile and the highest documented clinical efficacy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vitamin K2 MK-7 (Menaquinone-7, from fermented non-GMO soy natto) + Vegetable capsule (HPMC) + minimal excipients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVitamin K2 MK-7: the premium form of vitamin K2 with the longest half-life and greatest action in extracellular tissues:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAs extensively described in the \u003cstrong\u003eMK-7\u003c\/strong\u003e section of Marvelous Nutrition, \u003cstrong\u003eVitamin K2\u003c\/strong\u003e exists in multiple forms (MK-4, MK-7, MK-8, MK-9) and \u003cstrong\u003eMK-7 (Menaquinone-7)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the form with the best pharmacokinetic profile for oral supplementation: plasma half-life of ~72 hours (vs. ~1 hour for MK-4 and vitamin K1), greater biodistribution to extracellular tissues such as bones and arteries (instead of being retained in the liver like K1 and MK-4), and greater documented clinical efficacy for activating osteocalcin and Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) in bone and vascular tissues. The direct comparison between MK-4 and MK-7 was documented by the study by Sato et al. (2012), published in the Nutrition Journal — the study cited by HSN in the description of its K2 products — which showed that 45mcg of MK-7\/day maintained stable plasma K2 levels for 24 hours, while MK-4 was undetectable in plasma 8 hours after ingestion, confirming the pharmacokinetic superiority of MK-7.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe D3 + K2 synergy: the inseparable vitamin duo for bone and cardiovascular health:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAs described in the \u003cstrong\u003eMK-7\u003c\/strong\u003e section of Marvelous Nutrition and in multiple previous products in this session, Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2 act in obligatory synergy: D3 increases intestinal calcium absorption (up to 30 to 40%), and K2 activates vitamin K-dependent proteins that channel calcium to the bones (\u003cstrong\u003ecarboxylated osteocalcin\u003c\/strong\u003e) and prevent its deposition in the arteries (\u003cstrong\u003eactivated Matrix Gla Protein\u003c\/strong\u003e). Without K2, D3 can paradoxically increase the risk of arterial calcification by raising serum calcium levels without ensuring its correct channeling to the bone. HSN offers K2 standalone (for those who already take D3 separately) and in D3+K2 combination (for those who prefer a single dose).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFermented natto: the world's richest natural source of MK-7:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eHSN EssentialSeries Vitamin K2 MK-7 is derived from \u003cstrong\u003enatto\u003c\/strong\u003e — a traditional Japanese food produced by fermenting soybeans with the bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto. Natto is, by far, the richest food source of Vitamin K2-MK7: 100g of natto contains ~939 to 1103mcg of K2-MK7 — values 10 to 1000 times higher than other K2-rich foods (Gouda cheese: ~75mcg\/100g; chicken liver: ~14mcg\/100g). The extraction of K2-MK7 from natto is carried out by cold extraction processes that preserve the molecular structure and biological activity of menaquinone, resulting in a product of high purity and high bioavailability. The non-GMO soy used in the fermentation process ensures the absence of genetically modified organisms in the final product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBone health: carboxylated osteocalcin and bone matrix mineralization:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAs described in \u003cstrong\u003eMK-7\u003c\/strong\u003e from Marvelous, K2 MK-7 activates \u003cstrong\u003eosteocalcin\u003c\/strong\u003e by carboxylation of its glutamic acid residues into γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) — the form that has high affinity for calcium and for the hydroxyapatite crystals of the bone matrix. Carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) \"anchors\" calcium to the bone's protein matrix, which is the mechanism by which K2 strengthens bone mineralization and bone mineral density. The clinical trial by Knapen et al. (2015), published in Osteoporosis International with 244 postmenopausal women over 3 years, documented that 180mcg\/day of MK-7 increased vertebral strength and reduced bone loss — with a documented dose-response for doses of 45 to 180mcg\/day.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention of arterial calcification: activated Matrix Gla Protein as a vascular protector:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMatrix Gla Protein (MGP)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the protein with the highest documented potency for inhibiting vascular calcification — and its activation by K2 is the mechanism by which K2 protects arteries. Inactive MGP (uncarboxylated, dp-ucMGP) accumulates in the arterial walls and calcified kidneys of people with K2 deficiency, while activated MGP (cMGP, carboxylated by K2) inhibits the deposition of calcium crystals in vascular smooth muscle. The Rotterdam study by Geleijnse et al. (2004), with 4807 participants followed for 10 years, documented that higher K2 intake (not K1) was associated with less aortic calcification and lower coronary mortality — the foundational study of the K2-cardiovascular health relationship.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100mcg: the reference dose for documented cardiovascular and bone effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe dose of \u003cstrong\u003e100mcg of MK-7\/day\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most commonly used dose in clinical trials on K2 and cardiovascular and bone health. EFSA establishes 1000mcg\/day as the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for combined vitamin K, which means that 100mcg has a 10x safety margin. For the cardiovascular effect (activation of vascular MGP), some studies suggest that doses of 180 to 360mcg\/day are more effective — but 100mcg is the standard recommended maintenance dose for the healthy general population.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 capsule per day, preferably with a meal containing fat (Vitamin K2 is fat-soluble and its intestinal absorption is enhanced by the presence of fat in the meal). It can be taken with standalone Vitamin D3 or as a supplement to a multivitamin. \u003cstrong\u003eDo not take on an empty stomach.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52981703967067,"sku":null,"price":20.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-VITAMINK2_100mcg.webp?v=1778756720"},{"product_id":"hsn-astragalus-extract-500-1-20mg","title":"HSN - ASTRAGALUS EXTRACT (500:1) | 20mg","description":"\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eAbout the Product\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHSN EssentialSeries\u003c\/strong\u003e Astragalus Extract (500:1) is the most concentrated and technically advanced Astragalus supplement available in the HSN portfolio — an Astragalus membranaceus root extract \u003cstrong\u003e500 times more concentrated\u003c\/strong\u003e than the pure root, standardized to \u003cstrong\u003e50% Astragaloside IV\u003c\/strong\u003e (the most important bioactive compound of Astragalus), delivered in Lonza's patented \u003cstrong\u003eDRcaps® gastro-resistant, sustained-release capsules\u003c\/strong\u003e to protect Astragaloside IV through the acidic environment of the stomach and ensure its absorption in the small intestine. \u003cstrong\u003e20mg of 500:1 extract per capsule = 10,000mg equivalent of pure Astragalus root (10g\/capsule). 1 capsule\/day on an empty stomach in the morning. Vegan. Gluten-free.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredients:\u003c\/strong\u003e Microcrystalline cellulose + Rice flour + DRcaps® capsule [HPMC + gellan gum] + Astragalus extract (500:1, Astragalus membranaceus root, 50% Astragaloside IV) 20mg + L-Leucine (anti-caking agent) + Tricalcium phosphate (anti-caking agent).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eBenefits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAstragalus membranaceus (Huang Qi): the adaptogen from traditional Chinese medicine with the most modern clinical evidence:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAstragalus membranaceus\u003c\/strong\u003e (Huang Qi — \"yellow king's root\" in Mandarin) is one of the 50 fundamental plants in traditional Chinese medicine, used for over 2000 years as a vital energy (Qi) tonic, immunomodulator, and longevity promoter. In recent decades, Western scientific research has identified the active compounds responsible for Astragalus's effects and documented their mechanisms of action in multiple physiological systems. The main active compounds are \u003cstrong\u003eAstragalosides\u003c\/strong\u003e (triterpenic saponins specific to Astragalus, especially Astragaloside IV), \u003cstrong\u003eAstragalus Polysaccharides\u003c\/strong\u003e (ASP, with immunomodulatory properties), \u003cstrong\u003eIsoastragalins\u003c\/strong\u003e, and other secondary bioactive compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAstragaloside IV: the most studied and most bioactive compound of Astragalus:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAstragaloside IV\u003c\/strong\u003e (AST-IV, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside of cycloastragenol) is the triterpenic saponin that concentrates most of the documented biological effects of Astragalus. Its mechanisms of action include: \u003cstrong\u003etelomerase activation\u003c\/strong\u003e (TERT — Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) — Astragaloside IV is the precursor of TA-65, the first compound to demonstrate in human clinical trials the activation of telomerase and the potential for telomere elongation in leukocytes, with implications for cellular aging; \u003cstrong\u003enephroprotection\u003c\/strong\u003e — reduction of proteinuria and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in models of diabetic and ischemic nephropathy via inhibition of TGF-β1; \u003cstrong\u003ehepatoprotection\u003c\/strong\u003e — inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation that produces collagen in liver fibrosis; \u003cstrong\u003eimmunomodulation\u003c\/strong\u003e — stimulation of T lymphocytes, NK activity, and production of IFN-γ and IL-2; and \u003cstrong\u003ecardioprotection\u003c\/strong\u003e — protection of cardiomyocytes from ischemic-reperfusion damage via PI3K\/Akt activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e500:1 concentration standardized to 50% Astragaloside IV: the highest active dose per capsule available:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e500:1 ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e means that 1mg of extract corresponds to 500mg of pure Astragalus root — that is, the \u003cstrong\u003e20mg of extract per capsule\u003c\/strong\u003e is equivalent to \u003cstrong\u003e10,000mg (10g) of pure Astragalus root\u003c\/strong\u003e. The dose of pure Astragalus root documented in traditional studies is 10 to 60g\/day (as stated by HSN on the blog), and the 500:1 extract capsule covers the equivalent dose of 10g\/day in a single 20mg capsule. Standardization to \u003cstrong\u003e50% Astragaloside IV\u003c\/strong\u003e ensures that each capsule contains \u003cstrong\u003e10mg of Astragaloside IV\u003c\/strong\u003e — the Astragaloside IV dose recommended by HSN (5 to 10mg\/day) is thus covered precisely and reproducibly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRcaps® (Lonza): the gastro-resistant capsule that protects Astragaloside IV:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDRcaps®\u003c\/strong\u003e (Delayed Release Capsule, registered trademark of Lonza Group) is a vegetable capsule with sustained release that does not dissolve in the acidic environment of the stomach (pH 1 to 3) but dissolves in the small intestine (pH 6 to 7), releasing the content where absorption is most efficient. Astragaloside IV is a molecule sensitive to gastric acidity — its saponin structure can be partially hydrolyzed in the acidic stomach, reducing the bioavailability of the active compound. Protection by DRcaps® ensures that Astragaloside IV reaches the small intestine intact, where it is absorbed via the lymphatic pathway (as a fat-soluble saponin) with maximum bioavailability. This is a technological choice that significantly elevates the product's quality compared to Astragalus supplements in conventional capsules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunomodulation: Astragalus's most documented support for the immune system:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAstragalus membranaceus is the adaptogen with the strongest clinical evidence for immunomodulation in all herbal medicine — studied in multiple contexts including prevention of respiratory infections, support for cancer immunotherapy, improvement of immune response in HIV patients, and immune support in high-intensity athletes. Astragalus polysaccharides (ASP) stimulate the proliferation of macrophages, T lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+) and NK cells, and increase the production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2) that guide the immune response towards defense against viruses and intracellular bacteria. For athletes with intensive training (who experience transient immunosuppression after exhaustive sessions), Astragalus can be a relevant natural immune support to reduce the incidence of respiratory infections during periods of high load.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNephroprotection and renal support: Astragalus as a kidney protector:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eAstragaloside IV has preclinical and clinical evidence for nephroprotection — protection of renal tubular cells (especially proximal tubules) against oxidative, ischemic, and high glucose-mediated damage (diabetic nephropathy). Astragalus is specifically used in Chinese medicine to \"strengthen the kidneys,\" and the biochemical basis of this traditional use has been partially confirmed in studies documenting the reduction of proteinuria and renal fibrosis with Astragaloside IV. For athletes who frequently use NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac) or who have a family history of kidney disease, Astragalus can be relevant preventive renal support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTelomerase activation and cellular longevity: Astragaloside IV's most innovative effect:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003eThe most innovative and discussed effect of Astragaloside IV is its ability to activate \u003cstrong\u003etelomerase\u003c\/strong\u003e (the enzyme that synthesizes and maintains chromosome telomeres). \u003cstrong\u003eTelomeres\u003c\/strong\u003e are repetitive DNA sequences (TTAGGG) at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division — telomere shortening is one of the central molecular mechanisms of cellular aging and senescence. Telomerase is the only enzyme that can re-lengthen telomeres, but it is inactive in most adult somatic cells. TA-65 (a semi-synthetic derivative of Astragaloside IV, developed by Geron Corporation) was the first compound to demonstrate in human clinical trials (Harley et al., 2011, Rejuvenation Research) the activation of telomerase in leukocytes of healthy adults, resulting in an increase in the proportion of longer telomeres. This \"cellular anti-aging\" effect is what positions Astragalus as the most innovative adaptogen for longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\"\u003eUses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Take 1 DRcaps® capsule daily, preferably on an empty stomach in the morning (absorption of fat-soluble saponins is enhanced under conditions of gastric emptiness). DRcaps® capsules should not be opened or chewed — they should be swallowed whole for proper gastro-resistant protection. Continuous use — Astragalus is considered safe for prolonged use with no evidence of long-term adverse effects at the studied doses.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HSN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52981719433563,"sku":null,"price":39.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/files\/HSN-ASTRAGALUSEXTRACT_500-1_20mg.webp?v=1778756943"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/0250\/3771\/collections\/Golden_-_HSN.jpg?v=1776152931","url":"https:\/\/brothers-club.com\/en\/collections\/hsn.oembed","provider":"Brother's Club","version":"1.0","type":"link"}